in this thesis protic and aprotic ammonium-based ionic liquids were synthesized and their surface tensions were measured in the range of 298-373k. the protics are alkyl ammonium-based ils with the carboxylate (formate, acetate, propionate) anion and aprotics are quaternary ammonium-based ils with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. capillary rise method was used for surface tension measure...

Background and Aim: The application of information technology for the delivery of library services through websites has removed many temporal and spatial limitations. This study aimed to identify the available services and resources on the websites of central libraries at universities of medical sciences in Iran.  Materials & Methods: The population of this descriptive study comprised 36 centr...

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

today the image of a permanent skeletal space of cities affected by some forces or mechanisms is put in time with social-economic development and while imposes a new face and perspective to physical anatomy of cities, and prepares field to changes in content and social- economic structures of cities too. simultaneously with quitting villages in order to settle in cities by villagers, the phen...

with the growth of more humanistic approaches towards teaching foreign languages, more emphasis has been put on learners’ feelings, emotions and individual differences. one of the issues in teaching and learning english as a foreign language is demotivation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of language learning strategies, optimism, duration o...

in the new age, in regard to human success in education in the globalizing world, one can consider english proficiency and individual differences as two important issues. in efl settings, reading skill plays an important role in education. it seems that using multiple intelligences theory in efl classes which values individual differences by tapping different intelligences, can be rewarding. as...