We recently described a new form of neural integration and firing in a subset of interneurons, in which evoking hundreds of action potentials over tens of seconds to minutes produces a sudden barrage of action potentials lasting about a minute beyond the inciting stimulation. During this persistent firing, action potentials are generated in the distal axon and propagate retrogradely to the soma...

10 This paper presents an investigation of the impacts of a Severn Barrage on the hydro-environment of 11 the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model 12 with a recently developed Barrage module (EFDC_B). Details are given of a barrage module being 13 implemented into the EFDC model to represent the various hydraulic structures, such as turbine...

Many research projects in recent years have focused on marine renewable energy devices and structures due to the growing interest in marine renewable energy. These devices and structures have very different life spans. Schemes such as the Severn Barrage in the UK, as originally proposed by the Severn Tidal Power Group (STPG), would be the largest tidal renewable energy generation project in the...

conducted in the 1980s, is estimated to run to £15 billion. The UK government's Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) estimates that this facility could save 5.6 Mt carbon dioxide per year, in comparison to new-built gas-fired power plants. The carbon footprint of building the barrage would be paid back in 5–8 months, according to the SDC. The concept is based on proven technology, as a simi...

Barrage and deceptive jamming can mask the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals and render SAR useless. In this paper, a novel jamming suppression method based on polarization SAR (PolSAR) is proposed. After range compression, the barrage jamming has a noise-like characteristic while the real echo and deceptive jamming are focused. According to this, the barrage jamming is removed via a minim...

The Severn Estuary has the third highest tidal range in the world with its spring tidal range reaching 14 m. The estuary is extremely turbid with very high suspended sediment concentrations and limited light penetration through the water column. It has large areas of intertidal mudflat which are of major conservation importance. Hence, it is protected under several European legislative directiv...

The effect on raft foundation of a barrage due to varying stratum has been examined using finite element analysis. The raft foundation is completely resting on soil media and surrounded by soil and rock media. Eight noded brick elements have been used for three-dimensional modeling and meshing of the rock, soil, cut-off, pier, beam and abutment but raft foundation has been meshed using plate el...

Marine renewable energy is playing an increasing significant role in many parts of the world, mainly due to a rise in the awareness of climate change, and its detrimental effects, and the increasing cost of natural resources. The Severn Estuary, located between South West England and South Wales, has a tidal range of up to 14 m which makes it the second highest tidal range in the world. There a...

A total of 257 fishes from four families, Clariidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinidae and Schilbeidae were collected from three localities: the Sand River Dam, Swaziland; the Nylsvlei Nature Reserve, South Africa and the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage, South Africa. Only fishes (n= 154) from Clariidae and Cichlidae were found to be infected with trypanosomes. A total of 221 Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1...