This paper argues that banks must be sufficiently levered to have first-best incentives to make new risky loans. This result, which is at odds with the notion that leverage invariably leads to excessive risk taking, derives from two key premises that focus squarely on the role of banks as informed lenders. First, banks finance projects that they do not own, which implies that they cannot extrac...

I study the role of deposit accounts in bank-firm lending relationships, using a dataset with detailed information about all Norwegian firms’ bank deposit and loan account balances. I show that firms are more likely to increase borrowing from a bank where they hold deposit accounts, and less likely to end the lending relationship. In regressions with both firm and bank fixed effects, I find tha...

The Japanese economy has suffered from persistent deflation since the mid-1990s, when the banking system fell into serious undercapitalization. In Germany and in China, worries about impending deflation have emerged, along with fear of prospective or hidden bank insolvency. In this paper I present a simple model in which bank insolvency causes deflation. During a period of bank insolvency, bank...

We study how the introduction of a central bank-issued digital currency affects interest rates, the level of economic activity, and welfare in a model where both central bank money and private bank deposits are used in exchange. Banks in our model are financially constrained and the liquidity premium on bank deposits affects the level of aggregate investment. We study the optimal design of a di...

in economic literature, one of the important roles of deposits is to provide a suitable background for investing. the basic aim of this research is to study the mechanism of some variables such as; inflation rate, gross domestic product (gdp), stock price index, housing price index, the rate of profit sharing securities and their effects on the level of bank deposits in current banking system. ...

Under state and Federal law, commercial banks are required to hold government securities as a reserve against government deposits. While these pledging requirements are potentially important links between the asset and liability sides of a bank's portfolio, they have largely been ignored in the professional literature. This omission cannot be justified even if pledging requirements have no effe...