background: leishmaniasis is a complex disease which presents as visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. the current treatment options for this infection are very limited and the immunological state of the host appears to play an important role in the efficacy of the treatment. immunostimulation through immune response activating agents such as imiquimod is another rational approach for th...

objective(s) quinazolinones are heterocyclic components (able to form cyclized compounds) which have several medical effects such as anti-malarial, spasmolytic, anti-microbial, sedative, etc. they are also known for their fungicidal properties, inhibition of tyrosine-kinase and dna repair enzyme poly (adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) and are also effective in treatment of cancer, diabetes, and par...

for the first time, a spectrum of morphological abnormalities have been produced in developingmouse embryos (n=50), by injecting (ip) 75 and 100 mg/kg of maternal body weight of a new quinazolinonederivative, 4(3h)quinazolinone-2-propyl-2-phenylethyl(qppe), on days 9, 10 and 11 of gestation.measurements of the length of the crown-rump (cr), weight of body of the embryos and placenta on day 17sh...

background: several adjuvants have been evaluated for vaccine formulations but alu-minum salts will continue to be used for many years due to their safety, low cost and adjuvanticity with different antigens. two commonly used aluminum adjuvants, alumi-num hydroxide and aluminum phosphate have different adjuvanticity properties. com-mercial recombinant protein hepatitis b vaccines containing alu...

conclusions based on its effects, carnosol might be considered a source of drug, showing effective immunosuppression properties. further studies should be performed on carnosol to develop an effective immunosuppressive drug or coadjuvant for the treatment of disorders caused by an exaggerated or unwanted immune response. results results showed that three high doses of carnosol (0.8, 2.4 and 4 m...

the current treatment of choice for cutaneous leishmaniasis is either parenteral or intralesional antimonial compounds. each of these treatments has its own downfalls which include toxic side effects with the parentral injection and pain at the site of injection with the intralesional injection. in recent years, there has been more focus on paromomycin as an alternative drug; however, current d...

background: leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by flagellated protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania, which affects both humans and other mammals. most of the available drugs against the disease are toxic and some are parasite resistance to them. objective: the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mespilus germanica extract on cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in balb/...

hedera helix  is widely used to treat bronchial asthma for many years. however, effects of this herb on lung histopathology is still far from clear. we aimed to determine the effect of oral administration of hedera helix on lung histopathology in a murine model of chronic asthma. balb/c  mice  were  divided  into  four  groups;   i  (placebo),  ii  (hedera  helix), iii (dexamethasone) and iv (c...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leishmania major infection on the induction of oxidative stress in skin and lung of female mice. methods: balb/c mice were randomly divided into the control and experi-mental groups. the experimental groups were subcutaneously infected with in-oculums promastigotes of l. major . the animals were sacrificed at 20, 40, 60, 90 and...

Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy is frequently utilized in rodent models of podocytopathy. However, the application this model mice limited to a few strains, such as BALB/c mice. The most commonly used mouse strain, C57BL/6 (B6), resistant ADR-induced nephropathy, are all strains with B6 genetic background. Reportedly, R2140C variant Prkdc gene cause susceptibility To verify hypothesis, we ...