The causal factors of backwardness are submitted to close statistical treatment, with results which may distress too optimistic social theorists. ' The causes of backwardness prove unexpectedly numerous and varied : and in most cases not one cause, but several, are at work.' (p. 564.) But the chief cause of backwardness is naturally dull intelligence, a condition beyond remedy. Most teachers an...

Apart from the standard exercises used for teaching deaf children tongue and lip movement, all the exercises were specially devised by the teacher for these particular children. They had to be short, for mentally defective children have little power of concentration and the deafness handicap made them tire easily. Each exercise had to involve some definite achievement which the children could t...

Dropout from school hinders development as it makes human potentialities unexplored. This creates all round backwardness. Muslim communities are more backward particularly in Malda district, W.B., where the dropout rate is high. Parental decision to dropout their wards from primary education does not depend upon gender, but depend upon their economic status. Poverty influences the parents to wi...

AIM To identify the risk factors for scholastic backwardness in children. PARTICIPANTS Children in the 6-12 year age group attending regular schools and referred to the child guidance clinic for scholastic backwardness. SETTING Tertiary care hospital in South India. METHODS Participants were compared with an age-and sex- matched group of children with good academic performance, to ascerta...

— The Indian State of Kerala presents a paradox of development, with its remarkable social achievements and relative industrial backwardness. This paper describes Kerala’s industrial backwardness as due to a path-dependent process of industrialization. A policy decision in the 1930s—marked by a priority for investments in chemical-based industries and the identification of hydroelectricity as a...

a corresponding growth in the available supply. Too often indeed it leads to oversupply and slump. Fortunately that point has not yet been reached in the output of literature published on the " Backward Child". The subject has so many aspects that any attempt to deal at all comprehensively with the diagnosis and treatment of indicative symptoms has resulted in some excellent, but also, for the ...

ditions under which the various experiments and researches were done, nor whether the terms used mean the same to one researcher as to another. One is therefore left with the frustrating feeling that though this, that, and the other experiment, or result, are quoted, one is never sure whether or not these results are comparable and therefore meaningful. It is a pity that the Hunter and Diack in...