background: axillary nodal spread is an established prognostic factor in breast cancer. axillary nodal dissection and subsequent pathological examination is considered the gold standard technique of assessing the axilla for metastatic disease. a minimum of ten level i axillary nodes are required to be examined before an axillary specimen can be reliably labeled as disease free. this recommendat...

dog rose (rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. it can be propagated under in vitro conditions. after removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal positions (lower, middle and terminal) on the stem and then explants after decontamination, cultured on murashige and skoog medium (ms ...

Introduction. Patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy may undergo delayed completion axillary dissection. Where intraoperative analysis is available, immediate completion axillary dissection can be performed. Alternatively, patients may undergo primary axillary dissection for breast cancer, historically or when preoperative assessment suggests axillary metastases. This study aims to...

Dog rose (Rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. It can be propagated under in vitro conditions. After removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal positions (lower, middle and terminal) on the stem and then explants after decontamination, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS ...

Background: Due to the current trends towards replacing axillary dissection with radiotherapy, the need for more precise definition for different nodal stations becomes a must to ensure safe and adequate dose coverage. So, our study aimed to evaluate the coverage of axillary nodal volumes based on Project on Cancer of the Breast (PROCAB) guidelines, for cases previously treated with our standar...

BACKGROUND Most inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) patients have axillary disease at presentation. Current standard is axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Advances in NACT have improved pathologic complete response (pCR) rates increasing interest in performing sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB). Previous studies on SLNB for IBC patients did not assess...

PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of axillary ultrasound (AUS) in detecting nodal metastasis in patients with early-stage breast cancer and to identify AUS features with high predictive power. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective single-center preliminary study in 105 patients with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer and clinically negative axilla. AUS was performed using a 12 MHz linear-array t...

The presence of axillary nodal metastases has a significant impact on locoregional and systemic treatment decisions. Historically, all node-positive patients underwent complete axillary lymph node dissection; however, this paradigm has changed over the last 10 years. The use of sentinel lymph node dissection has expanded from its initial role as a surgical staging procedure in clinically node-n...

PURPOSE We analyzed whether axillary nodal irradiation could control clinically node-negative disease, including those patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), most of whom received regional nodal irradiation. We also evaluated toxicity profiles that resulted from nodal irradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1988 to 2011, 2107 patients with cT1-T2N0M0 breast cancer underwen...

BACKGROUND While lymph node metastasis is among the strongest predictors of disease-free and overall survival for patients with breast cancer, the immunological nature of tumor-draining lymph nodes is often ignored, and may provide additional prognostic information on clinical outcome. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed immunohistochemical analysis of 47 sentinel and 104 axillary (nonsentinel)...