An experimental inactivated oil-emulsion H9N2 avian influenza vaccine was formulated with 3 parts ofinactivated avian influenza antigen A/Chicken/Iran/101/1998(H9N2) emulsified in 7 parts of oil adjuvant.Twelve week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds. Sixgroups were vaccinated with 1, 1/10th, 1/50th, 1/100th, 1/200th and 1/400th field dose of th...

avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. in this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype h9n2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. it is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as ...

the present study was aimed to construct a fusion plasmid harboring the extracellular domain of the influenza a m2-protein (m2e), which was fused to the n-terminus of the truncated hsp70 (hsp70359–610) molecule as a new approach for future vaccine research against influenza a. the amplified fragments, m2e and hsp70359-610 genes, were gel-purified. the products were then single digested with bam...

an experimental inactivated oil-emulsion h9n2 avian influenza vaccine was formulated with 3 parts ofinactivated avian influenza antigen a/chicken/iran/101/1998(h9n2) emulsified in 7 parts of oil adjuvant.twelve week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds. sixgroups were vaccinated with 1, 1/10th, 1/50th, 1/100th, 1/200th and 1/400th field dose of th...

Newcastle Disease is still endemic in Pakistan’s poultry industry and responsible for great economic losses and high mortalities. Avian Influenza Virus has been involved in production losses in past few years, with or without the association of Newcastle Disease in the field. Therefore, present study was planned to evaluate the cross protection between Avian Influenza Virus and Newcastle Diseas...

Influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. Vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. Recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines in poultry for controlling low pathogenic avian influenza is increasing. At p...

Since influenza may be prevented by vaccine, development and successful implementation of public health programs to prevent spread of a potential avian influenza strain relies upon vaccination as a strategic cornerstone. Although both the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)† and the World Health Organization (WHO) highlight the role of influenza vaccination as the core of an effective...

Avian influenza viruses of the H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), are important pathogens in poultry worldwide. Specifically, the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is a particular threat because it has now occurred in more than 40 countries on several continents. Inasmuch as most chickens worldwide are vaccinated with a live NDV vaccine, we embarked ...

Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as ...

Avian influenza (AI) H9N2 is a low pathogenic virus subtype belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family. Given the prevalence of this subtype as an infectious agent in poultry industry, special attention has been always directed toward the development of vaccine production against this infection. The vaccine of this infection is produced by killing the virus and using a mixture of inactivated antigen ...