Intuitively, attitude markers like alas encode not-at-issue information about the speaker’s attitude towards the content of the sentence it occurs in (Frege, 1956; Vanderveken, 1990). Using attitude markers as a case study, I argue that there is in fact a difference between this type of content and canonical not-at-issue content, like that encoded in utterance modifiers like frankly or evidenti...

This contrastive study was conducted to contrastively analyze English and Farsi newspaper opinion columns in terms of the frequency of different types of stance markers.60 newspaper opinion columns (30 written in English and 30 written in Farsi) from 10 wide spread newspapers published in the United States and Iran in 2015 were analyzed. Hyland’s (2005) model of stance markers (hedges, boosters...

This study aimed to investigate the use of interactional metadiscourse markers in 168 comments made by 28 university students of engineering via an educational forum held as part of a general English course. The students wrote their comments on six topics, with a total of 19,671 words. Their comments during educational discussions were analyzed to determine their use of five metadiscourse categ...

different studies in writing skill of second language learners show that they are weak in this skill. they know some vocabularies and grammatical rules but are unable to write a different kinds of texts. the study of contrastive rhetorics can help learners and teachers in this area. moreover, discourse markers that indicate rhetoric styles and principles have an important role in writing skill....

In this article, researchers set out to discover the metadiscourse markers in research articles written by both native and non-native English speakers. To this end, a total number of twenty research articles published by Iranian and native English speakers in highly reputed journals on Arts and Humanities domains were randomly selected from major databases including Science Direct, Noormagz, an...

Most linguists contend that epistemic markers for source-of-information also encode the speaker's assessment of the reliability of that information. Their claim tacitly questions the utility of source-of-information marking and its validity, which depends on the ability to distinguish source-of-information from speaker-attitude marking. I argue that the source of information has a distinct func...