Arabidopsis RPS2 is a typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat resistance protein, which indirectly recognizes the bacterial effector protein AvrRpt2 and thereby activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Previously, we identified two hypersensitive induced reaction (AtHIR) proteins, AtHIR1 (At1g09840) and AtHIR2 (At3g01290), as potential RPS2 complex components. AtHIR proteins contain ...

The Hadith scholars have adopted a stern documentation methodology (Tawtheeq Approach) which may be in other fields as well. This is at variance some deal with the text of (matn), such Al-Jawame’, al-Majame, al-Sihah, al-Sunan, al-Masanids, al-musanafat and others while focus on statement explanation like Al-Nihayah Fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar by Muhammad Ibn al-Athir. There are emphasizes ...

for the first time in the history of logic, abd al razzaq al-jili (d. 570/1174), in the treatise al-lame fi al-shakl al-rabe, dealt with the modal syllogisms of the fourth figure. previous to him, dinha, the priest, and ibn salah al-hamadani had discussed the non-modal moods of the fourth figure. jili’s treatise deals only with simple modalities and ignores the complex ones. his pupil, fakhr al...

athir al-din al-abhari has a treatise bibliographies have called “thamani ‘ashra mas’ala fi al-kalam” (i.e., 18 problems in theology) or “al-mas’il” (i.e. the problems), but our findings show that its real name is “tahrir al-dalail fi taqrir al-masa’il” (i.e. the introduction of arguments for the establishment of the problems). the treatise, which is presumably his only writing in kalam, contai...

This study reveals the prevalence of Kurdish tribal states, political entities, in vicinity Abbasid city Baghdad. Through a presentation lives and contributions leading Jawani personalities, it is shown that states contributed to development early Islam from both religious aspects. The emirs were involved most Baghdadi region’s dealings with caliphate. They also had Buwayhids, Ukaylids, Mazyadi...

athir al-din abhari is one of the most outstanding logicians of the islamic period, even though he is less known to contemporary scholars than other logicians. this article, by presenting an edition of al-risalat al-zahirah (the shining treatise), not only makes available for the first time in print an important text in the field of logic, but also surveys some of abhari's logical thought ...

a controversy among the muslim philosophers about the domain of the extensions was that is the subject of the verity-propositions contained the impossible extensions or only all of the actual and possible ones. from ibn-sina to al-khunaji, there are explicit texts to the former view; but later logicians, starting with athir al-din al-abhari, were inclined to the latter. in this paper, we attamp...

In this paper we introduce the SpeakCorrect system which is a Computer Aided Pronunciation Training (CAPT) system for native Arabic students of English. The system is designed with optimized performance for the target users group. It is L1 dependent system and only the frequent pronunciation errors of native Arabic speakers are examined. Several adaptation techniques such as Speaker Adaptive Tr...

infections Widad Al-Nakib, FRCPath, FIDSA; Sahar Essa, BSc, MSc, PhD; Haya Altawalah, BSc, MBBS, FRCPath; Abdullah Owayed; Mousa Khadadah; Nasser Behbehani; Microbiology Department Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait; Virology Unit, Ministry of Health, Mubarak Hospital, Kuwait; Paediatrics, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait; Medicine, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medici...