background: salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) the cause of the acute febrile disease typhoid fever is the major public health problem in developing countries. asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of typhoid. the aim of this study was to investigate methods for isolation and identification of s. typhi in asymptomatic carriers. materials and methods: two hundred stool samples wer...

Nodaviruses and other RNA viruses have a profoundly negative impact on the global aquaculture industry. Nodaviruses target nervous tissue causing viral nervous necrosis, a disease characterized by neurological damage, swimming abnormalities, and morbidity. This study used functional genomic techniques to study the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brain transcript expression responses to asymptomatic...

background: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a common major human pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections. characterization and typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome has led to a better understanding of mrsa infection cycle in hospital. the meca-associated hypervariable region size classifies mrsa isolates that colonized in nasal carriers. objectives: t...

Blastocystis is a polymorphic intestinal parasite that is common in humans. A total of 51 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients positive for Blastocystis only were included in the study. Symptoms were mainly nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Blastocystis isolates were xenically cultured and subtyped. Blastocystis species subtype 3 was the predominant subtype. Intrasubtype differences (vacu...

background staphylococcus aureus (sa) is frequently found on normal human skin and mucous membranes. methicilline resistance s. aureus (mrsa) strains have spread in many hospital isolates world wide since 1970s. hospital personnel tend to have higher colonization rates than the general population. colonized residents and personnel are sources for dissemination of organism. materials and methods...

Humans commonly carry pathogenic bacteria asymptomatically, but the molecular factors underlying microbial asymptomatic carriage are poorly understood. We previously reported that two epidemiologically unassociated serotype M3 group A Streptococcus (GAS) carrier strains had an identical 12-bp deletion in the promoter of the gene encoding Mga, a global positive gene regulator. Herein, we report ...

conclusions elevated aminotransferases in chb patients are most commonly caused by exacerbation of chb. nevertheless, when hbv dna is not elevated, other reasons should be excluded. amongst others, superinfection with another hepatotropic virus can be the reason for decompensation of chronic hepatitis b. this case report describes an asymptomatic hev superinfection followed by a flare in hbv re...