Previously, we finely mapped the neutralizing epitopes recognized by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type Asia1-specific mAb 3E11 and FMDV type O-specific mAb 8E8. In this study, we engineered recombinant FMDVs of the serotype Asia1 (rFMDVs) displaying the type O-neutralizing epitope recognized by the mAb 8E8. These epitope-inserted viruses were genetically stable and exhibited growth prope...

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), with its seven serotypes, is a highly contagious virus infecting mainly cloven-hoofed animals. The serotype Asia1 occurs mainly in Asian regions. An in-silico approach was taken to reveal the antigenic heterogeneities within the capsid protein VP1 of Asia1. A total of 47 VP1 sequences of Asia1 isolates from different countries of South Asian regions were sel...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia1 are responsible for a significant number of disease outbreaks in Iraq. The current study can be considered as the first molecular characterization of serotype Asia1 in Iraq. The present investigation reports the detection of serotype FMDV Asia1 from local farms in Sulaimani districts in 2012 and 2014 outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis o...

How has translation been envisaged and what function it assigned historically in the multilingual terrains of India within South Asia1? This special issue considers as one amon...

The complete genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 isolated from Bangladesh is reported here. Genome analysis revealed amino acid substitutions in the VP1 antigenic region and deletions in both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) compared to the genome of the existing vaccine strain (GenBank accession no. AY304994).

Rice is the major foodgrain of the world and it is the principle cereal consumed in India and other parts of Asia1. Milling of paddy to obtain edible rice grain yields two major byproducts of economic and nutritional importance, namely, paddy husk and rice bran. Paddy husk has no food value but has several industrial uses. Rice bran, on the other hand, can serve as an animal feed, as a human fo...

Anticipating future political transitions in East Asia, many scholars worry that Chinese democratization and Korean unification will fuel regional instability. To inform this debate, this article examines theories that make competing claims about the stability of these potential transitions: theories within the ‘‘democratization and war’’ school and economic interdependence theory. I compare th...

The molecular basis of attenuation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 ZB strain remains unknown. To understand the genetic changes of attenuation, we compared the entire genomes of three different rabbit-passaged attenuated ZB strains (ZB/CHA/58(att), ZBRF168, and ZBRF188) and their virulent parental strains (ZBCF22 and YNBS/58). The results showed that attenuation may be bro...