AIM To report two cases of the left testicular artery arching over the left renal vein (LRV) before running downward to the testis. METHODS The subjects were obtained from two Japanese cadavers. During the student course of gross-anatomical dissection, the anatomical relationship between the testicular vessels and the renal vein was specifically observed. RESULTS The arching left testicular...

In this paper we propose an extension of the model of Liu, Coppersmith et al. [1, 2], in order to allow for arch formation. This extended model qualitatively captures interesting properties of granular materials due to fluctuations of stress paths, such as stress fluctuations and stick-slip motion.

Granular materials have a tendency to exhibit an arching effect by which the load is transferred from yielding parts to adjacent stationary parts. Retaining walls are among those structures that the soil arching plays an important role in the distribution of earth pressures. This paper briefly reviews the development of soil arching theory and its application to different geotechnical projects....

Variations in the anatomical relationship of the gonadal arteries to the renal vessels are frequently reported. We present, on a male cadaver, an unusual origin and course of a left testicular artery arching over the left renal vein along with double renal arteries. The development of this anomaly is discussed in detail. Compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the sup...

We present a new approach to the modelling of stress propagation in static granular media, focussing on the conical sandpile constructed from a point source. We view the medium as consisting of cohesionless hard particles held up by static frictional forces; these are subject to microscopic indeterminacy which corresponds macroscopically to the fact that the equations of stress continuity are i...