one of the complicated debates in international commercial arbitration law is the matter of judicial competence for examination of challenge over arbitral awards and annulment proceedings. in the first part of this essay, i have tried to clarify that judicial competence on annulment proceedings is limited to national or domestic arbitral awards and then, to give main criteria for determination ...

one of the most controversial issues in international commercial arbitrations in the last two decades is enforcement of arbitral awards which have been annulled in their country/ies of issuance or in broader word in their country/ies of origin. two contradictory opinions on the matter are based on two different approaches on territorial or extraterritorial effect of nullification of arbitral aw...

the fact that no state may benefit from its wrongful act, be it either commission or omission, is a well established principle of international law which originates from the fundamental principle of good faith. when states conclude a dispute settlement agreement and accept to refer a dispute to an international arbitration or judicial proceedings under bilateral or multilateral treaties, they a...

Public policy permeates the legal principles of a state and its ruling government. The justification public is topical to ethics canons acknowledged by that state. These values are determined applicable political, social, economic, religious, systems, which differ among states. As usually best illuminates broad area government laws, regulations, provincial ordinances, court decisions, standards...