purpose: this study aimed to examine the differences in the co-activation of the rectus femoris (rf) and biceps femoris (bf) using the co-contraction index (ci) in aquatic and land environments during a drop-landing task in active and non-active females. methods: in this casual-comparison study, 10 active and 10 non-active females volunteered to participate. the ci was calculated from recorded ...

accumulation of trace metals in sediment can cause severe ecological impacts. the present study determines the elemental concentrations and chemical partitioning of heavy metals in surface sediment of shadegan wetland. shadegan wetland is one of the most important wetlands in southwest of iran and it is in ramsar-listed wetlands. for this purpose, 7 sampling stations were selected for sediment ...

background: amoxicillin is widely used as an antibiotic in the modern medicine. due to its chemical structure, polarity, activity level, antibiotic specifications, and environmental sustainability, amoxicillin leaks into the groundwater, surface waters, and drinking water wells. many physical and chemical methods have been suggested for removing amoxicillin from aquatic environments. however, t...

pentachlorophenol (pcp) is a very hazardous compound which enters into the environment byindustries such as refineries and petrochemicals. as its biological degradation is very slow, this usemay cause the pollution of soils and groundwater; with the recent emergence of pentachlorophenolcontamination as an important drinking water quality issue, finding an easy, economical, and usefulmethod to r...

during estuarine mixing of fresh water with saline water and due to the flocculation process, aportion of dissolved metals come into particulate phase, and the dissolved load decreases. this process plays an important role in self-purification of heavy metals in rivers. in this study, flocculation of cu, mn, ni, pb and zn during mixing of cheshme-kileh river water with caspian sea water has bee...

due to its ability in chemical oxidation of contaminants, iron nanoparticle is a material of choice to remove lead ions from aquatic solutions. in this study a reduction method in solution phase was applied to synthesize thenanoparticles. afterwards, the size of the synthesized particles were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. it is worth noting that the nanoparticle dose-variations wer...

Variation of hydrochemical conditions, with special reference to adequacy of waters as fish habitats, was traced based on selected hydrochemical parameters obtained during the studies conducted from February 2013 till February 2014 year. The results were compared with earlier studies. The sources of organic pollution were identified, and the effect of biogenic substances on the biomass, as well...

This is t~e fifth of several compilations of briefing papers on w~ter quahty prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. Each bne:fing paper is prepared in a simple, nontechnical, easy-tounderstand manner. This U.S. Geological Survey Circular contains three papers on the microbiology of aquatic environment. Briefing papers are included on "The ecological role(s) of aquatic micro-organisms in lakes ...