The South African apartheid system formally ended with the election of the African National Congress at the first all-race elections held in 1994. As a result, racist policies such as color barring, that particularly hindered the advancement of black workers throughout the apartheid period are no longer legal. Yet the legacy of apartheid may endure as a result of both the persistence of racial ...

Resistance or struggle photography is a term describing the photographic documentation of conflict between oppressed and oppressor from the perspective of the subjugated. An example of this genre is explored in the context of apartheid South Africa during the 1980s through the work of a collective called Afrapix. This group’s images of the repression of Black and Coloured populations by the apa...

Based on the author’s PhD research, this article focuses on the fluid and contested nature of the identities – racial, ethnic, and national – of people of Chinese descent in South Africa in the apartheid and post-apartheid eras. The research focused on the approximately 12,000-strong community of second-, third-, and fourth-generation South African-born Chinese South Africans. It uncovered that...

South Africa’s democratic transition has had a significant impact upon localized governance systems in mediating development opportunities within the former apartheid homelands. This paper uses a case study from the former KaNgwane homeland to evaluate the role of the Matsamo Tribal Authority in shaping livelihoods and access to environmental resources. It is argued that although the colonial a...

helped individuals within the apartheid system to bring about change within their organizations as well as raising the awareness of the inequities of the apartheid system overseas. The National Medical and Dental Association was formed in 1982 by 1000 progressive doctors in South Africa and represents an alternative to the establishment Medical Association of South Africa. These progressive doc...

This paper examines social, political and economic processes within the former KaNgwane bantustan to understand the changing relationships between society and space in the post-apartheid era. Research on rural development and reconstruction in South Africa attest to the spatial legacy of apartheid while suggesting that dynamic transformations are occurring within the former bantustans. A centra...

After the Second World War, in 1948, the NP, with its ideology of apartheid that brought an even more rigorous and authoritarian approach than the segregationist policies of previous governments, won the general election. It did so against the background of a revival of mass militancy during the 1940s, after a period of relative quiescence in the 1930s when black groups attempted to foster unit...

Constitutionally, apartheid divided South Africa into “white” and “black” South Africa. White South Africa consisted mainly of the urban areas, while black South Africa was mainly rural. Black South Africa was largely comprised of the homeland areas. However, urban areas have subsequently developed in most of the former homelands. At the same time, a number of dormitory towns were developed, ei...