cough is a common reason for seeking medical advices for children. cough is a natural defense mechanism and can frequently occur in healthy children and can be increased by urban living and polluted cities. thus, previous history, cough exacerbations factors and quality of cough are very helpful in diagnosis of pathological cough. there are different definitions for chronic cough. in this artic...

This report-the third of a series on codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief-presents a detailed review of the physiology and pathophysiology of cough, the methods for the experimental and clinical measurement of the antitussive action of drugs, possible mechanisms of action of antitussive agents, and includes a compilation of experimental results and clinical experience with codei...

BACKGROUND When the etiology of a patient's chronic cough is established, specific antitussive therapy that is aimed at a particular cause of cough is highly effective. Nevertheless, in certain situations, therapy with cough suppressants, which previously were classified as nonspecific antitussive therapy, and which aim at suppressing the cough reflex regardless of the cause of cough, will be n...

Studies on the antitussive agents have been advanced with the development of bio assay for them. At the present time, a large number of non-narcotic synthetic antitussives are employed in the management of cough instead of narcotic antitussives. The evaluation method for antitussive activity was first reported by Ernst in 1938 (1), that is, coughing was induced by pinching the trachea of a cat ...

BACKGROUND Cough-suppressant therapy, previously termed nonspecific antitussive therapy, incorporates the use of pharmacologic agents with mucolytic effects and/or inhibitory effects on the cough reflex itself. The intent of this type of therapy is to reduce the frequency and/or intensity of coughing on a short-term basis. METHODS Data for this review were obtained from several National Libra...