conics or the science of conic sections is one of the highest theoretical topics of geometry in classical antiquity and the middle ages. it was also studied for its practical applications. in this paper, we first present a short history of conics in antiquity and the islamic civilization, then we show how this discipline was introduced in persian textbooks in the qajar period and a little after...

In this paper, an investigation on the relation between state-building and Near Eastern religion is attempted. Analyzing the city-state of Ḥaṭrā (Iraq, close to Kirkuk), it is demonstrated that pre-Islamic state craft in the region was dependent on the initiative of the Parthian monarchy in Iran. The kings of the Arsacid dynasty attempted to bestow the local Arabic tribes in the Jazira with a c...

7 Hall N D, Gillan A H. Effects of antirheumatic drugs on protein sulphydryl reactivity of human serum. J Pharm Pharmacol 1979; 31: 676-80. 8 Jellum E, Munthe E, Guldal G, Aaseth J. Fate of the gold and the thiomalate part after intramuscular administration of aurothiomalate to mice. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39: 155-8. 9 Munthe E, Guldal G, Jellum E. Increased intracellular glutathione during penici...

Cancer of the breast, seen by Galen as the commonest cancer of his time, was probably first mentioned by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. A single case history was described but no specific treatment mentioned. For centuries no further cases were described, until Cato, 2nd century BC, advocated cabbage poultices for all tumours and breast cancer in particular. Aëtius of Amida probably first d...

Following conventional wisdom Theology as an academic discipline (taught at Universities) is something which developed only in the Middle Ages, or in a certain sense even as late as the 19 century. The present essay in contrast traces its origins to Classical Antiquity and outlines its development in early Christianity, especially with a view to institutions of higher education that existed in ...

This article addresses whether Ebola may have been present in an urban setting in Athens in 430 bce and explores the historical importance of the ancient outbreak. New knowledge from today's West African epidemic allows a more accurate assessment of whether Ebola may have caused the Athenian outbreak than was once possible. The Athenian disease, whose etiology remains unknown, developed abruptl...

Dracontiasis is an infestation of man by the guineaworm, Dracunculus medinensis; a similar infestation also occurs in animals,' and a related species, Dracunculus insignis, is known to infect racoons, mink, and dogs.2 The disease, at the present time, has a wide distribution throughout tropical and subtropical regions ofthe world. The rate of human infestation varies with the possibility of the...