Plant diseases caused by viruses are the most menace to sustainable agriculture, leading numerous billion dollars in losses annually. Proper and accurate detection of plant is always key developing appropriate solutions manage economic them. Advances technology have simplified tools available detect diagnose at a time when control measures should be used. Currently, nucleic acid serological bas...

Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarrays can simultaneously quantify the levels of multiple diagnostic targets in a biological sample. However, as with traditional ELISA diagnostics, endogenous antibodies in patient sera can cause interference. We demonstrate here that reducing the diagnostic capture antibody to its minimal functional unit (i.e., a single-chain antibody fr...

The full-length coat protein gene of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) isolates from Iran was characterized byreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and sequencing. The expected 1515 bp coatprotein (CP) gene amplicon was obtained for 16 isolates out of 89 that were identified by double antibodysandwich enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (DASELISA) in a population ...

A novel double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure rabies antibodies in dogs. In contrast to the 4 days required for detecting rabies antibody with conventional rabies antibody virus neutralization assays, this ELISA can be completed in hours, without using live virus, in routine laboratories.

A system for the detection of soluble IL-2R by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established. This assay system has good reproducibility, and was found to be specific for soluble IL-2R by examination of the binding of anti-IgM antibody or anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibody (mAb) with IgM or soluble IL-2R and inhibition by IL-2 of the binding of anti-IL-2R mAb to soluble IL-2R. ...

For the quantitative measurement of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA), an enzyme immunoassay for POA has been developed, and is based on the sandwich method using antibody-coupled glass beads and enzyme (peroxidase)-labelled antibody. Serum POA concentrations were increased significantly in patients with pancreatic cancer, but not in those with chronic pancreatitis or other miscellaneous disea...