hiv infection by maternal transmission is increasing in the world due to the increase in infected women who are not receiving appropriate antiretroviral therapy. prognosis of hiv infection in children is poor because the newborn has an immature immune system. early diagnosis and therapy are needed to avoid the development of aids. new therapies are becoming available but prevention of infection...

Simplifying and shortening treatment for drug-sensitive tuberculosis and providing new treatment options for drug-resistant tuberculosis constitute two principal goals in the development of novel drugs for tuberculosis. Demonstration of clinical efficacy in drug-sensitive tuberculosis is challenging, given high success rates for existing regimens, concerns about substituting an investigational ...

1National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; 2Nadir Onlus, Rome, Italy; 3University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 4D. Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy; 5San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 6San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy; 7University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 8S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy; 9University of Modena and Reggio Emili...

*All members of the Italian HIV Guidelines Working Group are listed in the acknowledgment session. 1 National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; 2Nadir Onlus, Rome, Italy; 3University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 4San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 5University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 6 S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy; 7University ...

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus remains a global concern with a significant number of incident infections still reported worldwide. The use of prophylaxis prior to exposure to the virus to prevent infection has been a growing area of recent research. Results in nonhuman primates and clinical trials in high-risk patient populations using preexposure prophylaxis have shown promising r...

Women have emerged as the fastest growing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected population worldwide, mainly because of the increasing occurrence of heterosexual transmission. Most infected women are of reproductive age and one of the greatest concerns for both women and their physicians is that more than 1,600 infants become infected with HIV each day. Almost all infections are a result ...

Because treatment failure in many HIV-infected persons may be due to multiple causes, including resistance to antiretroviral agents, it is important to better tailor drug therapy to individual patients. This improvement requires the prediction of treatment outcome from baseline immunological or virological factors, and from results of resistance tests. Here, we review briefly the available clin...

Optimizing health-related quality of life (HRQL) has become an important treatment focus for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Consideration of HRQL is especially relevant with the development of new antiretroviral agents that have significant side effects. The measurement of HRQL is still in evolution, and several methods have been used to quantify HRQL in the HIV-infe...