Decreased larval feeding and weight of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., have been detected after 4 d of exposure in the laboratory to a high density of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-expressing anthers. One hypothesis is that larvae exposed to Bt anthers exhibit increased wandering, resulting in less feeding and lower weight gain. To test this hypothesis, 2-d-old monarch butterfly larva...

Decreased larval feeding and weight of the monarch butterßy, Danaus plexippus L., have been detected after 4 d of exposure in the laboratory to a high density of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-expressing anthers. One hypothesis is that larvae exposed to Bt anthers exhibit increased wandering, resulting in less feeding and lower weight gain. To test this hypothesis, 2-d-old monarch butterßy larvaee...

an efficient method for producing doubled haploid plants of date palm ( phoenix dactylifera l.) was established using in vitro colchicine treatment of anthers. to this study male inflorescences were harvested in the appropriate developmental stage. separated anthers after one day cold (4°c) pretreatment, in uninucleate stage of microspore were transferred to the modified y 3 medium containing d...

Previous studies suggest that exposure to anthers from com, Zea mays L., expressing Bac;/Z%? (Bt)-derived protein may have adverse effects on larvae of the monarch butterfly, Danawa (L.). The objectives of this research were to: 1) measure the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to anthers in the laboratory, 2) examine anther distribution in space and time, 3) measure the effects of lo...

Anthers and pollen from corn, Zea mays L., expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-derived protein frequently fall onto common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L., growing in and near corn fields. Previous studies have shown that, alone, Bt anthers do not pose a significant risk to the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. To examine how exposure to a combination of Bt anthers and pollen affects lar...

Cold stress modifies anthers' metabolic pathways to induce pollen sterility. Cold-tolerant plants, unlike the susceptible ones, produce high proportion of viable pollen. Anthers in susceptible plants, when exposed to cold stress, increase abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and reduce ABA catabolism. Increased ABA negatively regulates expression of tapetum cell wall bound invertase and monosaccharid...

Proteolytic activity is compared in anther extracts from Petunia parodii fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile lines. It is characterized relative to developmental stage of the anthers, effect of variable incubation times, pH of isolation buffers, and degradation of marker proteins. In fertile anthers, proteolytic activity increases at the end of microsporogenesis and peaks early in microgametog...

Plant death is the most common effect resulting from the application of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup1. Individual seedlings of the morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth, however, have been shown to exhibit tolerance to glyphosate, surviving after what should have been a lethal dose. Those that grow and reach reproductive maturity often exhibit deformed anthers wi...

Two novel anthocyanins, delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside) and delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-(3-O-acetyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside), were identified from the anthers of Tulipa gesneriana. These and delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-(α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside) made up over 80% of the anthocyanin content in the dark purple anthers and could be responsible for t...