conclusions according to our multimodality imaging approach, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most probable diagnosis. case presentation we describe a 73-year-old woman referred to us for consultation because of a giant negative t wave on her electrocardiography. echocardiography revealed diffuse severe hypertrophy associated with hypertrophied anterolateral papillary muscles with a bifid he...

PURPOSE In this report we review our experience of operations on mitral regurgitation associated with abnormal papillary muscles/chordae tendineae of the mitral valves and discussed the clinical characteristics, operative findings, and treatment strategies. METHODS Undifferentiated papillary muscle was defined as a hypoplastic chordae tendineae with anomalous formation of papillary muscles at...

A 56-year-old man who complained of quadrantic hemianopsia was admitted to determine its etiology. Cerebral angiography revealed no organic stenosis. Echocardiography showed clear direct continuity between a hypertrophied anterolateral papillary muscle and the anterior mitral leaflet, and the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) was narrowed by the presence of an accessory papillary muscl...

BACKGROUND Ventricular septal myotomy/myectomy (Morrow procedure) is the standard surgical option for severely symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and marked basal obstruction to left ventricular outflow due to mitral valve systolic anterior motion. In some patients, however, congenital malformations of the mitral apparatus may be responsible for outflow obstruction; the...

The left ventricular papillary muscles appear to be the last portions of the heart to be perfused by coronary arterial blood. As a consequence they are sensitive anatomic markers of myocardial ischemia. Foci of necrosis or fibrosis therefore are commonly seen in these structures, particularly the posteromedial papillary muscle, which has a poorer blood supply than does the anterolateral muscle....

Two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations were performed in seven infants with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCA), in one infant with myocardial infarction and left main coronary obstruction, and in eight with critical valvar aortic stenosis (AS). Comparative qualitative echo density assessment demonstrated that each infant had a marked increase i...

A Chinese woman was admitted to our hospital because of syncope. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a hypertrophic basal interventricular septum of 15 mm with a sharp angle protruding into the left ventricular outflow tract. Moreover, an anomalous anterolateral papillary muscle (maximum width of 11 mm) was inserted into the left ventricular outflow tract, with short chordae tendineae conne...

Introduction: The pectoralis minor muscle originates from third to fifth ribs of the chest wall and inserts at the medial side of the coracoid process of Scapula. It contributes to the abduction of the scapulothoracic joint and downward movement of the shoulder. The anomalous insertion of pectoralis minor beyond the coracoid process is known since the 19th century. Aim of the study: To report ...