background: the basic requirements for monitoring anesthetized patients during surgery are assessing cardiac and respiratory function. esophageal stethoscopes have been developed for this purpose, but these devices may not provide clear heart and lung sound due to existence of various noises in operating rooms. in addition, the stethoscope is not applicable for continues monitoring, and it is u...

conclusions anesthetic management for ire of soft tissue deviates from standard anesthetic medical therapy in regards to depth of neuromuscular blockade and analgesic management during ire energy delivery. however, minor modifications in anesthesia management allow for a safe and efficient patient procedure. results during ire delivery, a deeper neuromuscular blockade is required to ensure that...

a general, simple, practical and convenient method has been described for the synthesis of anesthetic drug thiopental using thiourea in the presence of sodium ethoxide. anesthetic drug of thiopental was prepared in two stages; during the first stage, the alkylation of mthyl cyanoacetate was performed which was then to be followed by cyclization. alkylation of methyl cyanoacetate which was perfo...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

background: severe abdominal pain is not common after laparoscopic surgeries, but acute or chronic pain after operation is considerable in some patients. post-operative pain control after laparoscopic surgeries, is conventionally achieved using analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) and narcotics, but their administration has a lot of side effects. this study compares...

introduction: although patients do not experience sever pain after laparoscopic surgery, most of them experience acute or chronic pain afterward. while conventional pain killers including nsaid and narcotics in laparoscopic surgery have specific side effects, their application is inevitable. this study compares the efficacy of local anesthetic drugs and conventional pain killers in post-operati...

intrathecal administration of midazolam has been reported to have antinociceptive action, and to be an effective analgesic agent. in this prospective double-blind study we aimed to evaluate the postoperative effects of intrathecal midazolam with lidocaine following perineal operation. forty patients were randomly allocated to two groups: 20 patients in the control group received 2 ml of 5% heav...

the intraoperative care of pheochromocytomas can be difficult and lead to serious complications. we present a case of a 46 year-old female undergoing laparoscopic resection of pheochromocytoma, who was scheduled for surgery with phenoxybenzamine and amlodipin. under general anesthesia cardiovascular stability was achieved by peritumoral infiltration of lidocaine during resection.

in order to investigate the effect of different temperature of anesthetic (clove tree) and recover (anesthetic-free water) solutions on recovery process, the anesthetic induction times and recovery times of 540 fingerlings of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 3.2 ± 0.2 g in anesthesia/ recovery solutions with cross-combined of temperature of 5,11 and 17 °c as experimental treatments ...