the androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resemble males. the primary abnormality is a defective androgen receptor protein due to a mutation of the androgen receptor gene. this prevents normal androgen action and thus leads to impaired virilization. a point m...

background and objective: determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (ar) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. materials and methods: for this purpose, 55 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were examined using a monoclonal antibody against ar on for...

background: hypospadias is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in the male which is characterized by altered development of urethra, foreskin and ventral surface of the penis. androgen receptor gene plays a critical role in the development of the male genital system by mediating the androgens effects. objective: in present study, we looked for new variations in androgen receptor pro...

background: androgen insensitivity syndrome (ais) or testicular feminization is a partial or complete inability of cell response to androgen. the cause is enzymatic defect in synthesis of testosterone, resulting sexually immature phenotypically female, with primary amenorrhea. there are three categories of ais, complete, partial and mild, depending on the degree of external genital masculinizat...

background and objective: since the advent of mammography screening, ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) of the breast has been diagnosed increasingly. in contrast to the situation in invasive breast carcinoma, there are only a few reports on androgen receptor (ar) status in dcis and few reports on estrogen (er) and progesterone (pr) receptors. materials and methods: ar expression was examined in 5...

background: androgens play critical role in secondary sexual and male gonads differentiations such as spermatogenesis, via androgen receptor. the human androgen receptor (ar) encoding gene contains two regions with three nucleotide polymorphic repeats (cag and ggn) in the first exon. unlike the cag repeats, the ggn has been less studied because of technical difficulties, so the functional role ...

Maternal testosterone has been indicated to affect sex ratio of offspring. The present study was conducted to elucidate the role of androgen receptor in this regard by blockade of androgen receptor using flutamide in female mice. Mice were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Mice in the control (n = 20) and treatment (n = 20) groups received 8 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) fo...

background: androgen receptors (ar) play an important role in proliferation of cancerous prostatic cells and prevention of apoptotic signaling. current drugs cannot inhibit the activity of these receptors very well. establishment of appropriate animal models is essential for discovery of new drugs of target therapy in hormone dependent prostate cancer. materials and methods: standard prostatic ...

Our previous study demonstrated that an extract of Cordyceps militaris (CM) derived from Samia Cynthia ricini inhibits testosterone-induced prostate hypertrophy in animal model. However, the bioactive components CM modulate function cells have not been identified and characterized. To do this, present explored effective component(s) influences viability androgen-responsive LNCaP cancer androgen...