Since almost all objects of mathematics can be described by sets (e.g., a function as a set of ordered pairs), one can establish fuzzy generalizations for nearly all of those. In the previous sections, we have seen that fuzzy mathematical concepts occur ‘naturally’, that is, considering the uncertainty involved in the application, the need to generalize creates fuzzy mathematical objects. We co...

In this article, we investigate the measurement of performance in DMUs in which input and/or output values are given as imprecise data. By imprecise data, we mean that in some cases, we only know that the actual values are inside certain intervals, and in other cases, data are specified only as ordinal preference information. In this article, we present two distinct perspectives for determining...

The basic assumption in data envelopment analysis patterns (DEA) (such as the CCR andBCC models) is that the value of data related to the inputs and outputs is a precise andpositive number, but most of the time in real conditions of business, determining precisenumerical value is not possible in for some inputs or outputs. For this purpose, differentmodels have been proposed in DEA for imprecis...

Imprecise inference models the ability to infer sets of values or information chunks. Imprecise database inference is just as important as precise inference. In fact, it is more prevalent than its precise counterpart even in precise databases. Analyzing the extent of imprecise inference is important in knowledge discovery and database security. Imprecise inference analysis can be used to \mine"...

This paper describes a powerful, yet practical, formalism for modeling and controlling imprecise FD-based inference in relational database systems. The formalism provides a canonical representation of inference which uniies precise inference and the primitive imprecise inference mechanisms of abduction and partial deduction. Whereas other imprecise (partial) inference models estimate the probab...

the selection of best information system (is) project from many competing proposals is a critical business activity which is very helpful to all organizations. while previous is project selection methods are useful but have restricted application because they handle only cases with precise data. indeed, these methods are based on precise data with less emphasis on imprecise data. this paper pro...

A query against incomplete or imprecise data in a database1, or a query whose search conditions are imprecise can both result in answers that do not satisfy the query completely. Such queries can be broadly termed as imprecise queries. Today’s database systems are designed largely for precise queries against a database of precise and complete data. Range queries (e.g., Age BETWEEN 20 AND 30) an...