the purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these strategies, average production per head and gross income of milk sale per head. for this purpose all required information were co...

We propose a novel approach to evaluating the empirical importance of individual managerial characteristics: We analyze different managerial positions (CEO and CFO) jointly and ask whether a managerial bias (overconfidence) matters for decisions under the control of the manager, but not for decisions outside the manager’s core duties. Using a new data set on CEO and CFO overconfidence, we show ...

Much of the evidence on managerial biases in corporate finance focuses CEO and, particular, overconfidence. This singular focus can lead to misattribution as it ignores roles other managers who are responsible for a given outcome. We evaluate influence CFO and C-suite executives compared with CEO. Mirroring widely used Longholder measure overconfidence, we construct Other measures. For financin...

on discussion about managerial ability of women outside home, social scientists refer to the wide range of women in labor force on one hand and to the discrimination against women on the other. although women occupation is considered as an evidence of change, but providing opportunities for them in order to fulfill their abilities is of primer significance. this requires identification and eval...

some of arid regions problems of iran are saline and sodic soils. in improvement and reclamation of iranian arid rangelands, some foreign species of atriplex had been imported and adapted for many years ago. the most adapted species was atriplex canescens. at the present research, some environmental factors, vegetative characteristics (na, ca, mg and k), soil properties (moisture, ec, ph, solut...

We discuss and examine empirically a firm-level equivalent of the ancient problem of ‘tying the King’s hands’, namely how to avoid managerial intervention that is undertaken to reap private benefits but is harmful to overall value creation, that is, ‘managerial opportunism’. The link from managerial intervention to firm-level value-creation is moderated by employee motivation. Thus, interventio...

the purpose of this research was studying relationship between socio- cultural, economical and managerial factors with the participation rate of agricultural cooperative's members in the shirvan chardavol township in the ilam province, iran. the method of this study is descriptive-correlative. a researcher made questionnaire was used as the tool for gathering data. the face and content validity...