Food sharing among nonkin-one of the most fascinating cooperative behaviors in humans-is not widespread in nonhuman primates. Over the past few years, a large body of work has investigated the contexts in which primates cooperate and share food with unrelated individuals. This work has successfully demonstrated that species-specific differences in temperament constrain the extent to which food ...

in this article instances of the cooperation of faqihs with despotic rulers within the framework of welayat are presented. the writer believes the cooperation of these faqihs can be accounted for resorting to their fiqh-based belief. a close attention to the writings and speeches of these ulama will clarify that the main reason why these ulama cooperated with despotic rulers and accepted their ...

family is considered as the most fundamental and basic shaping, and underlies drug abusing. this research aimed to investigate the relationships between parenting styles (authoritative, permissive and despotic) as one of the most effective family factors on child growth and addiction potentiality among the students. the statistical population of research consisted of all student of medical ilam...

However despotic a social group may be, managing conflicts of interest is crucial to preserve group living benefits, mainly based on cooperation. In despotic groups, post-conflict management via reconciliation (the first post-conflict reunion between former opponents) can occur, even if conciliatory rates are considerably different. Lemur catta is defined as a despotic species because groups ar...

Social dominance hierarchies are widespread, but little is known about the mechanisms that produce nonlinear structures. In addition to despotic hierarchies, where a single individual dominates, shared hierarchies exist, where multiple individuals occupy a single rank. In vertebrates, these complex dominance relationships are thought to develop from interactions that require higher cognition, b...

For many species of primates, arguably including humans, social behaviour can be characterised along an axis usually described as running from egalitarian to despotic. Despotic societies are characterised by a strict hierarchy with very few aggressive interactions, but where aggression occurs it is typically violent and usually unilateral from dominant to subordinate. Egalitarian societies have...