studying the history of science in ancient civilizations can help to shed light on the mysteries of the history of science as well as the contribution of nations to the growth of science in the world throughout the history. among various branches of science, medicine is of particular importance and owing to the crucial role of physicians in this discipline; the present study has taken the role ...

many studies concerning persian history have been performed. persian physicians and scientists greatly contributed to medical sciences by their own observations, experimentations and skills through more than seven thousand years of persian history. in persian medieval medicine, different fields were described. among these fields, neurological disorders, especially headache and epilepsy were exp...

The history of kidney and urologic disorders dates back to the dawn of civilization. Throughout history of medicine, urine, the first bodily fluid to be examined, has continuously been studied as a means of understanding inner bodily function. The purpose of this review was to appraise the contributions of the ancient Iranian physician pioneers in the field of kidney and urological disorders, a...

Although the issue of consent in medical practice has grown immensely in recent years, and it is generally believed that historical cases are unknown, our research amongst original ancient Greek and Byzantine historical sources reveals that it is a very old subject which ancient philosophers and physicians have addressed. Plato, in ancient Greece, connected consent with the quality of a free pe...

the relation between economy and medicine had a long history since ancient times. supplying (providing) health care and the required drugs and medical equipments were the main concerns of the human communities even when they were at rather primitive stages of civilization. later, in developed civilizations, trade was added to the concepts of medical economy. in this study, various economic acti...

This paper briefly recapitulates the evolution of ancient medical classics its origin, the Physicians and Surgeons and their contributions in its mythological and historical background. The significance of this science in the ancient days is also evidenced by the existence, of the two seats of learning-Takshasila and Kasi-in all its prolific profundity.

india is on the verge of becoming the diabetic capital of the world. the fact is that even in ancient india diabetes was prevalent and reference of diabetic-like condition is there in atharvaveda, known as one of the oldest literature in the world. a search through ancient indian religious, political and medical scripture shows various references of diabetes, better known aspramehaor madhumehat...