In the Pre-Qin time, pursuing “Dao” was the main task in the scholarship of most of the ancient Chinese philosophers, while the Ancient Greek philosophers considered pursuing “Truth” as their ultimate goal. While the “Dao” in ancient Chinese texts and the “Truth” in ancient Greek philosophic literature do share or cross-cover certain connotations, there are subtle and important differences betw...

the concept of logos is seen figuratively before christianity in ancient greek philosophy and judaism (old testament and some works of filon of alexandria). in ancient greek philosophy, logos is counted as the first principle, at least up to the middle platonism period, and more importantly, until the platonism period; that is to say, as it will be pointed out, logos was the first principle wit...