objective: knowledge about the internal anatomy of the root canal and apical foramen is a critical prerequisite for root canal therapy and is necessary for the success of endodontic treatment. this study aimed to determine the distance of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and apical constriction, evaluate the deviation of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and specify the most common...

Introduction: Knowledge of the internal anatomy of the tooth, apical foramen (AF) and mental foramen (MF) is considered a basic prerequisite before root canal surgical and non-surgical treatments. The aim this study is evaluation the distance and situation of AF & MF to anatomic apex of mandibular  premolar. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of mandibular p...

BACKGROUND This study determined the landmarks for caudal epidural block (CEB) after morphometric measurements of the sacral hiatus on dry sacral bones. Anatomical features of the sacral hiatus of clinical importance during CEB, along with distances and angles of use in detecting the apex, were measured. This provides detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the sacral hiatus and practical landmark...

Introduction: Although left anterior descending (LAD) artery supplies a large portion of the myocardium, the amount of blood supply provided by LAD is depended on the length of the LAD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between coronary artery dominance and LAD anatomic types in patients with normal epicardial coronary arteries. Methods:...

The aim of this study was to investigate the dorsal surface of the long-eared hedgehog tongue using scanning electron microscopy. The tongue of the long-eared hedgehog is rectangular-shaped with an elongated body and a widened root and a marked deep median groove can be seen on its dorsal surface. A characteristic feature of the lingual root is presence of two huge laterally situated folds. The...

The variations of sacral hiatus in dry bone are important as it determines access of sacral hiatus for caudal epidural anesthesia and analgesia. So the present study was conducted on 44 adult dry sacra in department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Bhubaneshwar,Odisha,India with the aim to find out the anatomical variations of sacral hiatus(SH) including shape, length, antero...

Malpositioning of the trochanteric entry point during the introduction of an intramedullary nail may cause iatrogenic fracture or malreduction. Although the optimal point of insertion in the coronal plane has been well described, positioning in the sagittal plane is poorly defined. The paired femora from 374 cadavers were placed both in the anatomical position and in internal rotation to neutra...

The present study describes the morphometry of a unilateral ossified sacrotuberous ligament. It aims to discuss its Anatomical and clinical implications.The pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery, nerve to obturator internus and coccygeal branch of inferior gluteal artery, are the important structures related to sacrotuberous ligament. An ossified sacrotuberous ligament may be an important et...