Cosmological inflation is widely considered an integral and empirically successful component of contemporary cosmology. It was originally motivated (and usually still is) by its solution of certain so-called fine-tuning problems of the hot big bang model, particularly what are known as the horizon problem and the flatness problem. Although the physics behind these problems is clear enough, the ...

a major problem in information retrieval is the difficulty to define the information needs of user and on the other hand, when user offers your query there is a vast amount of information to retrieval. different methods , therefore, have been suggested for query expansion which concerned with reconfiguring of query by increasing efficiency and improving the criterion accuracy in the information...

Micro data shows a significant dispersion in wealth at retirement at all levels of lifetime earnings and a weak correlation between lifetime earnings and retirement wealth. Previous research has shown that standard models have trouble generating these important features of the data. This paper studies a quantitative general equilibrium lifecycle model with intergenerational links of voluntary a...

Abstract Two variations on Wyner’s common information are proposed: conditional and relevant information. These shown to have operational meanings analogous those of in appropriately defined distributed problems compression, simulation channel synthesis. For information, an additional meaning is identified: a multiple-access with private messages, it the minimal common-message rate that enables...