The gold spot mullet fry, mean length of 1.30 0.048 cm and mean weight of 0.05 0.007 g were collected from coastal creeks of Ratnagiri (Maharashtra, India) and then acclimatized to 20 ppt salinity. They were observed for the response to the two anaesthetics: Clove oil and Sodium bicarbonate. Effective dosage of both the anaesthetics viz. clove oil and sodium bicarbonate for the induction and re...

The gold spot mullet fry, mean length of 1.30 0.048 cm and mean weight of 0.05 0.007 g were collected from coastal creeks of Ratnagiri (Maharashtra, India) and then acclimatized to 20 ppt salinity. They were observed for the response to the two anaesthetics: Clove oil and Sodium bicarbonate. Effective dosage of both the anaesthetics viz. clove oil and sodium bicarbonate for the induction and re...

in this study the effects of the most popular anaesthetics including: ms222, clove oil (eugenia caryophyllata) and 2-phenoxyethanol, on some haematological and serum enzymes of cyprinus carpio were investigated. firstly the effective dose of each anaesthetics (3 minutes for anesthesia and 5 minutes for recovery ) and lc50 of them were calculated in c. carpio. fish were anaesthetized with the ef...

An alternative in vitro approach to drug screening has been the use of human cell cultures for antiviral agents and microbial cell cultures for the assessment of the carcinogenic potential of selected compounds. A number of protozoan species have been also used as drug screens for anti-protozoal agents. The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis species has been widely utilised as a dru...

General anaesthetics act in an agent-specific manner on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system by enhancing inhibitory transmission and reducing excitatory transmission. The synaptic mechanisms of general anaesthetics involve both presynaptic effects on transmitter release and postsynaptic effects on receptor function. The halogenated volatile anaesthetics inhibit neuronal voltage-...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wound infiltration analgesia using local anaesthetics has been used for several decades. Recently, newer techniques to prolong analgesia have developed, including the use of catheters and injection of local anaesthetics or other adjuvants, and local infiltration analgesia using large volumes of local anaesthetics injected into different tissue planes. The aim of this review is...

BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests a protective effect of volatile anaesthetics in ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R)-injury, and the accumulation of neutrophils is a crucial event. Pro-inflammatory cytokines carrying the C-X-C-motif including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and CXC-ligand 1 (CXCL1) activate CXC receptor-1 (CXCR1; stimulated by IL-8), CXC receptor-2 (CXCR2; stimulated by IL-8 and CXCL1), or bo...

BACKGROUND Local anaesthetics are known to induce apoptosis in clinically relevant concentrations. Hitherto, it is unknown what determines the apoptotic potency of local anaesthetics. Therefore, we compared apoptosis induction by local anaesthetics related to their physicochemical properties in human neuronal cells. METHODS Neuroblastoma cells (SHEP) were incubated with eight local anaestheti...

The experimental effort that has been expended in investigating the effects of general anaesthetics on LGICs has been enormous over the past decade. Members of all three LGIC superfamilies have been examined using electrophysiological techniques. Anaesthetics that have been examined include volatile anaesthetics, gaseous anaesthetics, alcohols, i.v. anaesthetics and non-immobilizers. Obsolete a...