background: androgenic-anabolic steroids (aas) are abused by a growing number of bodybuilders. this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and patterns of aas use by bodybuilders in hamadan, western iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from five gym clubs in two area of hamadan (a total of 10 clubs). twenty-five bodybuilders ...

background: the high prevalence and potential side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (aas) misuse by athletes has made it a major public health concern. epidemiological studies on the abuse of such drugs are mandatory for developing effective preventive drug control programs in sports community. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of aas abuse and their association with some ps...

over the four decades, a significant decrease has been observed in age-related mortality caused by cardiovascular disease. people in developing countries suffer from cad at a relatively younger age and about half of mi occurs under the age of fifty years. abuse of anabolic steroids is one of the less common causes of atherosclerosis. in this report, a 23-year-old body builder male referred to e...

Anorexia and weight loss represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. At present in the United States two effective anorectic agents are commonly used, namely, megestrol acetate and dronabinol. These two agents are compared in Table 1. In persons with a large excess cytokine production. megestrol acetate should be tried at a does of 800 mg per day for no longer than 3 months. Megestrol a...

Anabolic agents as adjuncts to nutrition support therapy have been used to improve malnutrition and establish anabolism. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and anabolic steroids have been studied for their potential to reverse the catabolic process and promote anabolism. This paper reviews several anabolic agents and their possible role in nutrition support therapy.

Objective: We plan to review the current problem of lean mass erosion in catabolic states, caused by injury and critical illness. This protein loss is driven by the hormonal imbalance and excess inflammation referred to as the “stress response to injury.” We then plan to provide the current concepts on the use of available anabolic agents to attenuate the excess catabolism. Data Source: The ava...

OBJECTIVE We plan to review the current problem of lean mass erosion in catabolic states, caused by injury and critical illness. This protein loss is driven by the hormonal imbalance and excess inflammation referred to as the "stress response to injury." We then plan to provide the current concepts on the use of available anabolic agents to attenuate the excess catabolism. DATA SOURCE The ava...