abstract background and objective: streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of acquired bacterial infections in the respiratory system. in recent years, a high incidence of pneumococcal resistance to different antibiotics has also been appeared. this study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro resistance of pneumococcal pneumonia to ceftriaxone, azithromycin and co-amoxicl...

BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are amongst the most wide spread and serious infections, accounting for over 50 million deaths globally each year. In developing countries, infants under 4 years of age are at greatest risk of lower RTIs, whereas in developed countries the severity of infection and rate of mortality are greater in elderly. The objective of the survey was to determi...

One week prior to presentation patient started having upper respiratory tract symptoms and was given amoxicillin clavulonic acid for tonsillitis with no documented streptococcal infection. Three days after starting the amoxiclave patient started having vomiting and diarrhea with abdominal pain and decrease enteral feeding. Jaundiced started and persisted then worsened until the day of presentat...

A 23 year-old man was admitted to the hospital with chief complaints of pain, edema and spasm of the left lower limb, as well as mottling of dorsal and plantar aspects of the foot.  One week before the current admission, he was treated with oral co-amoxiclave and intramuscular penicillin 6.3.3. Immediately after the third injection, he experienced burning and yellowish discoloration at the site...

BACKGROUND Chronic supportive otitis media (CSOM) is one of the commonest illnesses in ENT practice. This study was conducted to find out the various aerobic microorganisms associated with CSOM and their current antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobials. METHODS samples were collected from 117 clinically diagnosed cases of CSOM and processed according to standard p...

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 9 September 2010 Accepted 24 February 2011 Available online 11 April 2011 The major purpose of this study was isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from different sources including domestic animals (cow, sheep, horses), poultry, river water and sewage in Tonekabon. Campylobacter spp. was isol...

BACKGROUND Nowadays, the treatment of burned patients is difficult because of the high frequency of infection with antibiotic resistance bacteria. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and its relation with the existence of plasmid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were collected from two hundred twenty hospitalized bur...

IntroductionMoraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative, oxidase positive, cocci mainly causing upper and lowerrespiratory tract infections. The RND family efflux pumps lead to multidrug resistance in most ofthe negative bacteria. One of the well- known M. arcAB oprMsystem. objective this study was investigate antibiotic andto determine its dependence on pump. MethodsIn study, 283 different respir...