background: the number of valid of pathogen and non-pathogen species of entamoeba has continuously increased in human and animals. this review is per-formed to provide an update list and some summarized information on entamoeba species, which were identified up to the 2014. methods: we evaluated the entamoeba genus with a broad systematic review of the literature, books and electronic databases...

The paper deals with singularities of nonconfluent hypergeometric functions in several variables. Typically such a function is a multi-valued analytic function with singularities along an algebraic hypersurface. We describe such hypersurfaces in terms of amoebas and the Newton polytopes of their defining polynomials. In particular, we show that allA-discriminantal hypersurfaces (in the sense of...

A detailed algebraic-geometric background is presented for the tropical approach to enumeration of singular curves on toric surfaces, which consists of reducing the enumeration of algebraic curves to that of non-Archimedean amoebas, the images of algebraic curves by a real-valued non-Archimedean valuation. This idea was proposed by Kontsevich and recently realized by Mikhalkin, who enumerated t...

Chemotactic responses of Dictyostelium discoideum cells to periodic self-generated signals of extracellular cAMP comprise a large number of intricate morphological changes on different length scales. Here, we scrutinized chemotaxis of single Dictyostelium discoideum cells under conditions of starvation using a variety of optical, electrical and acoustic methods. Amebas were seeded on gold elect...

We show that a conjecture of Einsiedler, Kapranov, and Lind on adelic amoebas of subvarieties of tori and their intersections with open halfspaces of complementary dimension is false for subvarieties of codimension greater than one that have degenerate projections to smaller dimensional tori. We prove a suitably modified version of the conjecture using algebraic methods, functoriality of tropic...

We report the first case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Italy, in a 9-year-old boy. Clinical course was fulminant, and diagnosis was made by identifying amebas in stained brain sections and by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Naegleria fowleri was characterized as genotype I on the basis of polymerase chain reaction test results.

Evidence exists which indicates that the pores of the nuclear envelope are important pathways for macromolecular exchanges between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm (1-4). The pores as seen with the electron microscope often contain an electron-opaque material (5-7), and it has been suggested that the presence of such pore material could affect nucleocytoplasmic exchanges (8). Investigations in whi...

1. Antibodies to slime molds were produced by injecting D. discoideum and D. purpureum amebas from 48 hour cultures into rabbits. 2. Anti-D. discoideum and anti-D. purpureum sera caused agglutination of homologous amebas from 24 to 26 hour cultures, agglutination of certain heterologous amebas from 30 to 36 hour cultures, and agglutination of all heterologous amebas from 43 to 48 hour cultures....

The amoeba of an affine algebraic variety V ⊂ (C∗)r is the image of V under the map (z1, . . . , zr) 7→ (log |z1|, . . . , log |zr|). We give a characterisation of the amoeba based on the triangle inequality, which we call ‘testing for lopsidedness’. We show that if a point is outside the amoeba of V , there is an element of the defining ideal which witnesses this fact by being lopsided. This c...