The energy resources of nature are limited. According to the report from the International Energy Agency (IEA), there is 19% of the energy used for illumination. It's well known that LED is an excellent choice to instead the incandescent lamp for saving energy. But the other question comes out while the high power LED is applied. There is only about 20% of the input power converts to light ener...

This study presents a design method to fabricate a novel hybrid-structure flat plate heat pipe (NHSP heat pipe) for a concentrator photovoltaic. The NHSP heat pipe is composed of a flattened copper pipe and a sintered wick structure, and a coronary-stent-like rhombic copper mesh supports the structure. The coronary-stent-like supporting structure enhances the mechanical strength and shortens th...

Ultrasonic fiber optic sensors (UFOS) based on Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer is proposed to detect guided waves propagating in the pipe, which is common structural component in aerospace, mechanical or civil structures. The sensitivity of UFOS depends on the long sensing distance, while winding around the circumferential direction of the pipe provides arbitrary sensing length as well as sma...

We have shown that, due to the ac resistive wall wakefield, the present LCLS undulator design, with its round copper beam pipe, will result in an unacceptably large energy variation induced within the bunch over the length of the undulator (0.6%). If, instead, we use a flat, aluminum chamber, the energy variation can be reduced to within acceptable limits (∼ 0.2%). Finally we have shown that th...

The temperature distribution across a flat heat pipe sandwich structure, subjected to an intense localized thermal flux has been investigated both experimentally and computationally. The aluminum sandwich structure consisted of a pair of aluminum alloy face sheets, a truncated square honeycomb (cruciform) core, a nickel metal foam wick and distilled water as the working fluid. Heat was applied ...

Corrosion scales and deposits formed within drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) have the potential to retain inorganic contaminants. The objective of this study was to characterize the elemental and structural composition of extracted pipe solids and hydraulically-mobile deposits originating from representative DWDSs. Goethite (alpha-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and siderite (FeCO(3)) ...

This paper presents a newly developed high temperature ultrasonic sensor and its application to in situ observation of aluminum (Al) alloy during solidification and melting in temperature up to 800C. The ultrasonic sensor mainly consists of a conventional piezoelectric transducer, a titanium buffer rod as an acoustic waveguide and an air cooling pipe. The length is approximately 300 mm. This ul...

The aluminum concentration and Ryznar Index increased and the pH decreased in a small Appalachian water supply reservoir following acid precipitation runoff episodes. Concomitant increases in tapwater aluminum and decreases in tapwater pH were also observed at two homes in the water distribution system. Lead concentrations in the tapwater of one home frequently exceeded recommended levels, alth...

The failure of steel liner of pressure shafts of hydropower plants can have catastrophic consequences. The partial or total loss of the liner support’s rigidity is characterized by a local change of the hydro-acoustic properties and creates reflection boundaries for the water waves. This paper presents a new monitoring method for detecting and locating weak reaches by processing reflected water...