importance of fresh water in agriculture along with the essential demand of the growing population for food, indicates an extreme necessity of the optimum use of water. to this end, plant growth simulation models have been introduced in agricultural sciences to reach maximum yields in varying climates. variations in the of developed models cause difficulties for the unprofessional users. the aq...

Introduction: Asteroid (1) Ceres is a unique asteroid , or dwarf planet, yet to be well understood. Classified as G-type [1], Ceres has been generally considered to consist of carbonaceous chondrite material [2]. The weak but complex spectral features in the 3-µm region of the spectrum of Ceres has been known for a long time, but no agreement has been reached on the identification of the specif...

We present cut-elimination as a method of proof mining, in the sense that hidden mathematical information can be extracted by eliminating lemmas from proofs. We present reductive methods for cutelimination and the method ceres (cut-elimination by resolution). A comparison of ceres with reductive methods is given and it is shown that the asymptotic behavior of ceres is superior to that of reduct...

Gravity data of Ceres returned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Dawn spacecraft is consistent with a lower density crust of variable thickness overlying a higher density mantle. Crustal thickness variations can affect the long-term, postimpact modification of impact craters on Ceres. Here we show that the unusual morphology of the 280 km diameter crater Kerwan may result f...

The goal of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project is to provide a long-term record of radiation budget at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA), within the atmosphere, and at the surface with consistent cloud and aerosol properties at climate accuracy [1]. CERES consists of an integrated instrument-algorithm-validation science team that provides development of higher-level prod...

Previous observations suggested that Ceres has active, but possibly sporadic, water outgassing as well as possibly varying spectral characteristics over a timescale of months. We used all available data of Ceres collected in the past three decades from the ground and the Hubble Space Telescope, as well as the newly acquired images by the Dawn Framing Camera, to search for spectral and albedo va...

Cut-elimination is one of the most famous problems in proof theory, and it was defined and solved for first-order sequent calculus by Gentzen in his celebrated Hauptsatz. Ceres is a different cut-elimination algorithm for firstand higher-order classical logic. It is based on the notion of a characteristic set of clauses which is extracted from a proof in sequent calculus and is always unsatisfi...