These lectures provide a phenomenological introduction to supersymmetry, concentrating on the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM). In the first lecture, motivations are provided for thinking that supersymmetry might appear at the TeV scale, including the naturalness of the mass hierarchy, gauge unification and the probable mass of the Higgs boson. In the second lecture...

A bstract The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) offers a powerful theoretical framework for parameterizing the low-energy effects of heavy new particles with masses far above scale electroweak symmetry breaking. Additional light degrees freedom extend effective theory. We show that are weakly coupled to SM via non-renormalizable interactions induce non-zero Wilson coefficients in SM...

Background: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is defined as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases. Tobacco smoke remains the main etiological agent. COPD inflammation initiated by tobacco smoke...

In 2002, Munk defined an important enigma of 20th century global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise that has yet to be resolved. First, he listed three canonical observations related to Earth's rotation [(i) the slowing of Earth's rotation rate over the last three millennia inferred from ancient eclipse observations, and changes in the (ii) amplitude and (iii) orientation of Earth's rotation vector ove...

String scenarios typically not only predict axion-like particles (ALPs) but also significant amounts of ALP dark radiation originating from the decay inflaton or a more general modulus. In this paper, we study such non-thermally produced relativistic (but massive) ALPs to photons. If are sufficiently highly energetic, contribute $\Delta N_{\rm eff} \gtrsim {\cal O}(0.001)$ and have mass $m_a\gt...