The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of HER2 levels in ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNA) aspirates of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in the determination of lymph node metastasis or the characterization of primary breast cancer, and to correlate the HER2 levels in US-FNA aspirates (FNA-HER2s) of metastatic ALNs with the HER2 statuses of correspond...

We previously demonstrated that artificial lymph nodes (aLNs) could be generated in mice by the implantation of stromal cell-embedded biocompatible scaffolds into their renal subcapsular spaces. T and B cell domains that form in aLNs have immune response functions similar to those of follicles of normal lymphoid tissue. In the present study, we show that the aLNs were transplantable to normal a...

Cross-cultural issues in asynchronous learning networks (ALNs) have largely been unexplored. The lack of proper understanding of culture’s role in ALNs can be counter-productive to creating communities of learning, promoting collaborative learning and enhancing student-tutor interactions. In this paper I present my proposed PhD dissertation research about the cross-cultural issues in ALNs. I pr...

PURPOSE The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial reported that complete dissection of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) may not be warranted in women with clinical T1-T2 tumors and one or two involved ALNs who were undergoing lumpectomy plus radiation followed by systemic therapy. The present study was conducted to identify preoperative imaging predictors of ≥ 3 ALNs. MATERIALS A...

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in assessment of metastases in axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in a sample of Iranian women with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 50 axillary lymph nodes from 30 female patients with histologically verified breast cancer were assessed by 1.5 T MRI. DWI was implemented at b-values of 50, 400 and 8...

The main content of this deliverable is the identification and definition of market mechanisms for Application Layer Networks (ALNs). On basis of the structured Market Engineering process, the work comprises the identification of requirements which adequate market mechanisms for ALNs have to fulfill. Subsequently, two mechanisms for each, the centralized and the decentralized case are described...

Most of the literature on Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALNs) has focused on the pedagogical and technological advantages of this educational delivery mode and the way ALNs can respond to the changing demands and pressures placed on institutions of higher education. However, there are considerable obstacles preventing the widespread implementation of ALNs. These obstacles, and the associated ...

Adaptive logic networks (ALNs) were used to derive piecewise linear functions to control a non-linear mechanical model of a vehicle active suspension system. ALNs learned relationships among past, present and future states of the sprung mass. Each ALN consisted of a tree of logic gates having linear threshold elements at its leaves. Piecewise linear functions were extracted from the trained ALN...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to provide an improved method for solving the so-called dynamic patient admission scheduling (DPAS) problem. This is a complex scheduling problem that involves assigning a set of patients to hospital beds over a given time horizon in such a way that several quality measures reflecting patient comfort and treatment efficiency are maximized. Consideration must b...

This study has focused on the following two issues: 1) development of a method for safety evaluation of FESassisted locomotion for persons with spinal cord injury, and 2) implementation of this method to safety evaluation of the locomotion of persons with incomplete spinal cord injury using automatic control system for FES based on adaptive logic networks (ALNs) and restriction rules (RRs). Dis...