During a 1919 meeting between Gordon Allport and Sigmund Freud (Allport, 1967), Allport broke a silence by telling a story of a phobic boy with an anal mother whom Allport had observed on the train he had taken to meet Freud. Freud is said to have interpreted Allport's story of the boy along the lines of the joke whose thesis is that when one begins a story about a hypothetical friend that the ...

Psychologists use the term ‘idiographic’ to refer to the characteristics of unique individuals and ‘nomothetic’ to refer to universal characteristics. It is widely accepted that Gordon Allport borrowed those terms from the German philosopher Wilhelm Windelband and introduced the idiographic/nomothetic distinction to American psychology. However, in this paper we argue that the terms were made a...

In any group of subjects to whom the Allport Test for Measuring Ascendance-Submission has been given there are frequently found individuals whose personality types seem to be in sharp contrast with the types indicated by the scores made on the Allport Test. Such discrepancies between estimates and scores seem to indicate a possible divergence between the possession of certain personality traits...

Ellis and Allport (1986; see also Ellis, Allport, Humphreys & Collis, 1989) proposed a model of object perception wherein successively more abstract descriptions are generated as a function of processing time. The aspect of their model that is examined here is the proposal that viewer-centred representations of objects decay rapidly whereas object-centred or semantic-level representations do no...

When subjects switch between a pair of stimulus-response tasks, reaction time is slower on trial N if a different task was performed on trial N - 1. We present a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model that simulates this effect when subjects switch between word reading and color naming in response to Stroop stimuli. Reaction time on "switch trials" can be slowed by an extended response sel...

In four experiments, task-switching processes were investigated with variants of the alternating runs paradigm and the explicit cueing paradigm. The classical diffusion model for binary decisions (Ratcliff, 1978) was used to dissociate different components of task-switching costs. Findings can be reconciled with the view that task-switching processes take place in successive phases as postulate...

DESCRIPTORSBIBLIOGRAPHIES, *INTERACTION, LITERATURE REVIEWS, MALES, *PERSONALITY STUDIES, *PERSONALITY THEORIES, PHYSICS TEACHERS, QUESTIONNAIRES, SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, *STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS, TABLES (DATA), TEACHER ATTITUDES, *TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS, MINNESOTA TEACHER ATTITUDE INVENTORY (MTAI), CLASSROOM CLIMATE QUESTIONNAIRE (CCQ), EDWARDS PERSONAL PREFERENCE SCHEDULE (EPPS), ALLPORT ...