In this research, a theoretical study has been undertaken on the density and also on the relationship between refractive index and density for aqueous solutions. A simple linear equation is suggested to show this relationship. Also, a semi-empirical equation has been developed for estimating the constant of this linear equation. By using our suggested equations, the refractive indices of aq...

Aqueous phase reforming (APR) of biomass derived feedstock producing hydrogen was reviewed. The APR process was discussed based on different feedstock categories such as sugars, polyols and ethanol. The mechanism of APR was analyzed referring to different structures of feedstock. The reaction pathways of APR were investigated. The usage of catalysts should be judged by feedstock on the requirem...

Currently short-chain polyols such as ethanediol, propanediol, and butanediol are produced either from the petroleum feedstock or from the starch-based food crop feedstock. In this study, a combinational process of enzymatic hydrolysis with catalytic hydrogenolysis for short-chain polyols production using corn stover as feedstock was developed. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated corn st...

Thermosetting polyurethane polymers are staples of adhesive and sealant formulations used in a variety of industrial applications. Polyurethane materials generally provide reliable service under most application conditions, but the long-term performance and durability of some polyurethanes can be compromised by direct and prolonged contact with bulk water or high ambient humidity. The Dow Chemi...

Boron rejection by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the presence of glycerol, mannitol and sorbitol was investigated as a function of feed solution pH and boron:polyol molar ratio. In the presence of polyols, significant boron rejection improvement was obtained and the extent of the impact was directly related to the stability constant of the boron-polyol complex. Polyo...

Polyethercarbonate polyols from carbon dioxide (CO2) are starting to be synthesized on industrial scale. These polyols can be further processed into polyurethanes enabling CO2 to be utilized in large amounts. Utilization of CO2 as alternative carbon feedstock for polyols is motivated from the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil resource depletion. This article presents...

Polyols were synthesized from epoxidized natural oils and tetrahydrofuran through ring opening copolymerization catalyzed by Lewis acid. The properties of these polyols depend on the type of natural oils as well as the reaction conditions (monomer concentration, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time). These polyols were evaluated as a raw material for making polyurethane (PU) ...

Metal–alkane binding energies have been calculated for [CpRe(CO)2](alkane) and [(CO)2M(C5H4)C'C(C5H4)M(CO)2](alkane), where M Re or Mn. Calculated binding energies were found to increase with the number of metal–alkane interaction sites. In all cases examined, the manganese–alkane binding energies were predicted to be significantly lower than those for the analogous rhenium–alkane complexes. Th...

Polyols are approved for use as sweeteners in specific foods but they may be used for other technological purposes in a wider range of foods, all on a quantum satis basis. The European Polyols Association (EPA) has identified 24 categories of food where polyols are used and it has been able to establish the levels at which the polyols are used in each type of food and whether for sweetening or ...

To obtain information about the effects of lenticular polyols on the prevention, initial stages, and development of diabetic cataracts, we identified and determined with gas-liquid chromatography or gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry eight polyols in cataractous lenses of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and nondiabetic subjects. In the diabetics' lenses, the concentrat...