background: pentachlorophenol (pcp) is one of the most fungicides and pesticides. acute and chronic poisoning from pcp may be occurred by dermal absorption, and respiration or ingestion. with respect to health and environmental effects of pcp, many methods were considered regarding its removal. microwave assisted other methods are environmental friendly, safety, and economical method, consequen...

The development of an optical pH sensor based on immobilization of quinizarin (1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone) on a triacetylcellulose membrane was described. The resulting membrane exhibited fast color change from yellow to violet, while changing the pH in alkaline region. The immobilized quinizarin showed a broader dynamic range from (pH 9.4-11.4) with respect to free form (pH 8.8-10.4). The sens...

BACKGROUND Though butanol is considered as a potential biofuel, its toxicity toward microorganisms is the main bottleneck for the biological butanol production. Recently, butanol-tolerant bacteria have been proposed as alternative butanol production hosts overcoming the end product inhibition. One remaining key issue to be addressed is how physicochemical properties such as pH and temperature a...

Monitoring of environmental and tissue pH is critical for animal survival. The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), is attracted to mildly alkaline pH, but avoids strongly alkaline pH. However, little is known about how the behavioral switching or decision making occurs. Genetic dissection and Ca(2+) imaging have previously demonstrated that ASEL and ASH are the major sensory neurons ...

Noxious pH triggers pungent taste and nocifensive behavior. While the mechanisms underlying acidic pH sensation have been extensively characterized, little is known about how animals sense alkaline pH in the environment. TMC genes encode a family of evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins whose functions are largely unknown. Here, we characterize C. elegans TMC-1, which was suggested to form...

In this work, automatic pH changing system on lab-on-paper devices for enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) has been developed in order to improve their sensitivity and make the technique much more applicable to real samples. The most widely used enzyme in immunoassay are alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and peroxidase. ALP-conjugated secondary detection with BCIP/NBT substrate provides high sensitivi...

The effects of alkalinity on alkaline hydrothermal conversion (alkaline-HTC) of cellulose to bio-oil were investigated in this study. The results showed that the initial alkalinity greatly influenced the reaction pathways. Under initial strong alkaline conditions with final pH greater than 7, alkaline-HTC only followed the alkaline pathway. However, under initial weak alkaline conditions with f...

Light-absorption, c.d. and fluorescence of the bilirubin-albumin complex were investigated at extreme alkaline pH. Above pH 11.1 albumin binds the bilirubin molecule, twisted oppositely to the configuration at more neutral pH. On the basis of light-absorption it is shown that two alkaline transitions occur. The first alkaline transition takes place at pH between 11.3 and 11.8, co-operatively di...

Acidic electrolyzed water (EW) (pH 2.6-5.8) and alkaline EW (pH 11.2-12.1) were examined as potential disinfectants against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Using acidic EW with pH 2.6 and alkaline EW with pH >11.7, the viral titer decreased in vitro by > 4.0 log values, 2 min after the virus was mixed with EW at a 1:10 dilution. The strong virucidal effect of acidic EW (pH 2.6), but not th...