A review is presented of some of the factors affecting the laboratory testing and practical applications of chemicals toxic to algae. The basic factor demonstrated is that the amount of chemical required to inhibit the growth of algae is dependent on the amount of algae present and not on the volume of water in which the algae are dispersed. It is shown how a chemical can be tested for algistat...

Lignified cell walls are widely considered to be key innovations in the evolution of terrestrial plants from aquatic ancestors some 475 million years ago. Lignins, complex aromatic heteropolymers, stiffen and fortify secondary cell walls within xylem tissues, creating a dense matrix that binds cellulose microfibrils and crosslinks other wall components, thereby preventing the collapse of conduc...

pattern of feeding and reproduction of amblypharyngodon mola (hamilton, 1822) was studied in two floodplain lakes of north 24 parganas districts of west bengal in india during 2011.  results indicated that the fish exhibited a predominantly herbivorous diet with algae as the main content of gut. a long, thin walled, coiled gut and closely packed filamentous gill racker suited this feeding habit...

The algal dominated communities immediately above and below the low-water spring level on a moderately exposed Manx shore were investigated by canopy removal experiments. Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea were removed. Competition was shown to be important in determining the zonation of L. digitata and the distribution along the wave exposure gradient of other species such as...

Modern green algae constitute a large and diverse taxonomic assemblage that encompasses many multicellular phenotypes including colonial, filamentous, and parenchymatous forms. In all multicellular green algae, each cell is surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM), most often in the form of a cell wall. Volvocalean taxa like Volvox have an elaborate, gel-like, hydroxyproline rich glycoprotei...

background & aim: in this study, is done during one-year research on blue–green and green algae for antimicrobial activity in mashhad suburb. aqueous, ether, and methanol extracts from 44 species blue – green algae and green algae were examined for antimicrobial properties against four bacteria (tow positive gram bacteria and tow negative gram bacteria) and tow fungous. material & meth...

The present paper, as we have mentioned in the previous report, embodies our more extensive studies concerning the food of the Ayu and also its food-habit as to whether it changes or not according to the ages¤ locality, or season. In the young stage, living in the sea or lake, Ayu feeds entirely on zooplankton (Copepoda, Ostracoda, Phyllopoda etc.); and also on the similar matters until it has ...

To date, only morphological and anatomical descriptions of microwhip scorpions (Arachnida: Palpigradi) have been published. This very rare group is enigmatic not only in its relationships to other arachnids, but especially due to the fact that these animals dwell only underground (in caves, soil, and interstitial spaces). We observed the curious feeding habit of the microwhip scorpion Eukoeneni...