the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...

this study investigated (a) the learners’ existing reading strategy repertoire, (b) the effect of instruction in reading strategies on learners’ strategic performance, and (c) the effect of explicit instruction in top-down reading strategies on reading comprehension ability of intermediate learners. the study was conducted with 40 intermediate efl learners in two groups of experimental and cont...

the present study was conducted to investigate the role of summary in teaching grammar process on pre-university students. to this end, 48 male pre-university students in semnan were participants. they were math class that we called experimental group and science class as control group. in order to make sure there was no significant difference in proficiency level of two groups. a pre-test wa...

Based on the official statistics of industries and mines organization about 1000 tons of waste of spaghetti in spaghetti- producing plants, and around 7500 tons of waste in chickpea pre-cleaning plants are produced annually in the East Azarbayjan province. In order to determine chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the above mentioned waste, at first classified random sampling from 1...

Based on the official statistics of industries and mines organization about 1000 tons of waste of spaghetti in spaghetti- producing plants, and around 7500 tons of waste in chickpea pre-cleaning plants are produced annually in the East Azarbayjan province. In order to determine chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the above mentioned waste, at first classified random sampling from 1...

language learning courseware has been receiving growing attention by english educators since its advent. a variety of softwares have been designed by software designers and resorted to by language educators to supplement language textbooks. this experimental study investigated how the application of computerized version of language textbooks and the reception of the entire course through comput...