Speakers sometimes modify their gestures during the process of production into disguised adaptors. Such disguised adaptors can be treated as evidence that speakers can monitor their gestures. This study investigated when disguised adaptors are produced in Japanese elementary school children. The results showed that children did not produce disguised adaptors until the age of 8. The emergence of...

the aim of the study was to determine the farmer's behavior in adoption of ipm technologies in rice growing fields. a questionnaire was employed as the tool of survey. population of the study consisted of the farmers taking apart in ipm/ffs participant groups in gilan and mazandaran provinces each with 3 years of experience in ipm. from among them, 305 were selected as the research sample....

Speakers sometimes modify their gestures during the process of production into adaptors such as hair touching or eye scratching. Such disguised adaptors are evidence that the speaker can monitor their gestures. In this study, we investigated when and how disguised adaptors are first produced by children. Sixty elementary school children participated in this study. There were ten from each schoo...