Cities are changing constantly. All urban systems face different conditions from day to day. Even when averaged regularities can be found, urban systems will be more efficient if they can adapt to changes at the same speeds at which these occur. Technology can assist humans in achieving this adaptation. Inspired by cybernetics, we propose a description of cities as adaptive systems. We identify...

Cities are home to more than half of the world population. Cities have been the centers of economic and social developments, as well as sources of many major environmental problems. Cities are created and maintained by the most intense form of human-nature interactions. Cities are spatially extended, complex adaptive systems—which we call landscapes. The future of humanity will increasingly rel...

Cities are recognised as key players in global adaptation and mitigation efforts because the majority of people live in cities. However, in Europe, which is highly urbanized and one of the most advanced regions in terms of environmental policies, there is considerable diversity in the regional distribution, ambition and scope of climate change responses. This paper explores potential factors co...

the current status and quality of urban and regional development has been criticized by many academics and professionals in different fields. at city centers in addition to traffic congestion, population growth, urban and regional sprawl and suburbanization have resulted in unsustainable conditions in many cities all around the world. in this regard, different aspects of urban form, especially ...

Introduction Cities 1 are a major form of the material, social and symbolic organization of societies. They are persistent and adaptive structures which fulfill a variety of social functionalities: habitat, production, services, political control over people and territories, as well as technical and symbolic mediation between nature and culture, groups and individuals. For a long time, and espe...

Adaptive reuse of built heritage is increasingly critical for reasons sustainability, particularly in urban spaces. With increasing pressures building and housing, the construction industry will likely continue to contribute 39% all carbon emissions world, with operational accounting 28%. Further demolition, renewal rebuilding not only obstruct pathways decarbonisation but create shocks that di...

Resilience has become a central buzzword for all activities performed by cities to handle potential disruptions and changes of social, economic as well as ecological nature. Especially the increasing consequences of climate change are challenging city governments in ensuring resilience nowadays. Understanding adaptability as a key component of resilience, a lot of cities are implementing substa...