we reports a six-year-old child with autistic disorder and methadone intoxication. developmental disorders may mislead the caretakers and doctors to interpret the clinical manifestation and behavioral changes of these patients. methadone indigestion can be fatal in children even in a tiny amount and cardiac monitoring should be performed at least for the first 24 hours. the pervasive prescripti...

in this case we present a previously healthy child with sudden behavioral change and acute confusional state (acs). acs is a neurologic emergency. the clinical manifestations of acs are; confused affect, limited verbal response, disturbance in performing orders, some automatism, stable vital signs and absence of tonic-clonic movements and it has a wide range of differential diagnosis which shou...

Acute confusional states (ACS, syn. delirium) represent a medical emergency with significant morbidity, mortality and socio-economic consequences. This paper offers an overview on nonpsychiatric causes of acute confusional states and their management. Identification of risk and precipitating factors for acute confusional states, neurological (stroke, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, non-co...

Her father brought this female child to the Accident and Emergency Department with history of acute confusion for paediatric assessment. The child had been agitated for the last 12 hours, was difficult to settle and kept saying, “don’t want it”. She had previously been well. On examination she was agitated, apyrexial and constantly talking with heart rate of 148/min. Her pupils were dilated but...

The latter is defined as a confusional state with acute onset and fluctuating course. It is characterised by inattention, disorganised thinking, hallucinations and alteration in consciousness. The hyperactive form (agitation) is more often in the middle age group whereas the hypoactive, lethargic form is predominately seen in the elderly. Delirium or acute confusional state is increasingly reco...