the bulk of the world's phosphate reserves is located in sedimentary horizons that contain appreciable amounts of carbonate. during beneficiation of phosphate rocks, huge amounts of oversize phosphate rocks are rejected from crushers. this reject also mostly contains low tricalcium phosphate and high carbonate content. in this study, experiments have been carried out to reduce/eliminate carbona...

background : the most frequent use of diatoms in forensic science is the diagnosis of death due to drowning. the basic principle of diatom test in drowning is based on the inference that diatoms are present in medium where drowning took place and the inhaled water enters the alveolar spaces of lungs and penetrates from the alveoli into the blood circulation, thus microscopic unicellular algae c...

Cow dung is generally used as the feedstock material for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. A selection of alternate biomass needed reduce consumption or eliminate use cow dung. Recently, cottonseed hull has been considered primary substrate In this paper, effect biogas production on co-digestion CD with pre-treated CSH using sulfuric acid, hydrochloric hydrogen per oxide, and acetic acid i...

Rigorously standardized laboratory protocols are essential for meaningful comparison of data from multiple sites. Considering that interactions of minerals with organic matrices may vary depending on the material nature, there could be peculiar demands for each material with respect to digestion procedure. Acid digestion procedures were evaluated using different nitric to perchloric acid ratios...

BACKGROUND Microwave is the most reliable sample digestion method. However, it requires expensive microwave digester automation and has relatively low productivity. In this study, three non-automated digestion methods, i.e. wet acid digestion using nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), wet acid digestion using HNO3, and dry washing, are compared in order to determine the best approac...

Innovative Technology Summary Reports are designed to provide potential users with the information they need to quickly determine if a technology would apply to a particular environmental management problem. They are also designed for readers who may recommend that a technology be considered by prospective users. Each report describes a technology, system, or process that has been developed and...

The publications on Kjeldahl’s method for determining nitrogen that have appeared since Kjeldahl’s (1) original paper in 1883 perhaps outnumber those on any other analytical method in the same period of time.1 The diversity of papers is attributable to the immense usefulness of the method, to its need for modifications for applications to various types of organic and inorganic compounds, and to...

A simple, efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of fish tissue for the determination of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Antimony, Arsenic and Selenium by FAAS, CVAAS and HGAAS. Three of the more common classical open tubed acid digestion procedures were explored with the purpose of optimizing the variables and selecting the single most efficient, convenient a...