achaemenid ruled over a vast territory, to which included asia minor (modern turkey), that was conquered during cyrus the great campaign to lydia. following this its cities was added to persian satrapies. the name of all the persian satrapies was not mentioned in achaemenid official texts, because achaemenid political style was in this way that the conquered areas came under the central power c...

O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the activities of cytosolic and nuclear proteins according to glucose availability. This modification appears to participate in several hyperglycemia-associated complications. An important feature of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity is the presence of a low-grade chronic inflammation that causes numero...

constipation isa common clinical problem that can be functional or organic in origin. thiscondition sometimes overlaps with irritable bowel syndrome. initially, theclinician should differentiate between true and false constipation by clinicaland preclinical evidence such as colonic transit time. numerous patients believethat all defecation problems are called constipation and use laxatives with...

Located in the middle basin of Pulvar river (Fars, Iran), Pasargadae was founded around 550 BCE early days Achaemenid Empire. Its territory is dotted with remains imposing hydraulic facilities (dams, dikes, canals), some which date to that very period. The purposes and functions these structures, built exploit surface water, located today's landscape (a deeply incised valley temporary watercour...