Major nuclear accidents, such as the recent accident in Fukushima, Japan, have been shown to decrease the public's acceptance of nuclear power. However, little is known about how a serious accident affects people's acceptance of nuclear power and the determinants of acceptance. We conducted a longitudinal study (N= 790) in Switzerland: one survey was done five months before and one directly aft...

There are potential interactions among approaches to reduce or prevent certain accident causes. Given the overlapped safety benefits of various measures for accident prevention, it is necessary to identify their interactions and quantify the safety effectiveness of combined accident prevention strategies. This study focuses on strategies to prevent broken rails and broken wheels, respectively. ...

This paper aims to explore the analytical issues surrounding the graphical representation of causation in accident scenarios. Two types of graphical renderings, Petri Nets and Why-Because Graphs, are introduced and the different ways in which they denote accident causation are explored. The second part reports an experiment undertaken to explore whether graphical renderings of causality have an...

Incident detection systems have the potential of reducing the time between the occurrence of accidents and the notification of emergency medical services, called the accident notification time. Reductions in this time, in turn, may affect the numbers of fatalities. A statistical analysis is conducted to determine the quantitative relationship between fatalities and the accident notification tim...

Traffic accidents at urban intersections result in a huge cost to society in tenns of death, injury, lost productivity, and property damage. Unfortunately, the elements that effect the frequency of intersection accidents are not well understood and, as a result, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of specific intersection improvements that are aimed at reducing accident frequency. Usin...

A model is developed which permits the quantitative evaluation of the health benefit of bicycle helmet laws. The efficacy of the law is evaluated in terms of the percentage drop in bicycling, the percentage increase in the cost of an accident when not wearing a helmet, and a quantity here called the “bicycling beta.” The approach balances the health benefits of increased safety against the heal...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion of occupational accident benefits granted within the total for health-related social security benefits, viewing the costs according to benefit type and the impact on productivity according to work days lost. METHODS Records of benefit decisions from the National Benefits System of the National Social Security Institute for the State of Bahia in 2000 were u...

This paper uses longitudinal data from the Dutch OSA Labor Supply Panel (1980-2000) to examine the phenomenon of unemployment scarring in the Netherlands. The study extends current research by not only asking if earlier unemployment damages subsequent employment careers and wages but also explores variation by the level of unemployment insurance benefits and key individual characteristics such ...