The purpose of this article was to study the economics of Sweden's scheme of 'multiple' arable nitrogen abatement instruments. A large-scale, spatially distributed mathematical programming model that linked changes in agricultural production practices to coastal nitrogen load was developed. Actual abatement policy induced 21% abatement. A rst-best solution to 21% abatement required increased co...

introduction sarcheshmeh copper mine is regarded as the second largest copper deposit in the world. this is one of the largest industrial-mining complexes in the world and the largest producer of copper in iran. this complex plays an important role in iran’s economy. in 2012, this complex created employment for about 8000 people in iran and produced 203065 tons of copper cathodes. however, high...

Industrial sectors account for around 70% of the total energy-related CO2 emissions in China. It is of great importance to measure the potential for CO2 emissions reduction and calculate the carbon price in industrial sectors covered in the Emissions Trading Scheme and carbon tax. This paper employs the directional distance function to calculate the marginal abatement costs of CO2 emissions dur...

The Kyoto Protocol assigns limits for the aggregate emissions of six greenhouse gases, but most economic analyses focus on CO2 abatement. What are the potential gains if policy makers exploit the flexibility in a multi-gas abatement strategy? We extend the EDGE model to include sinks and non-CO2 gases and show that a multigas strategy reduces costs by 20-35% in the Western Annex B countries. Ma...

The paper focuses on the macroeconomic and sectoral effects on developing countries (which have no emission abatement targets) of abatement actions in developed countries. The importance of the Kyoto mechanisms in minimising these impacts is examined in the analysis, with an emphasis on the importance of emissions trading in reducing abatement costs. Lower economic costs, in turn, reduce the im...

In this paper, we present a dynamic model modified with emission permit banking and pollution abatement, and investigate the effect of emission permit banking and pollution abatement on the production–inventory strategy of the firm. After introducing emission permit banking and pollution abatement, the cost function consists of the inventory holding and production costs, the cost of investment ...

OBJECTIVES Growing concern over the costs, environmental impact and safety of tobacco product litter (TPL) has prompted states and cities to undertake a variety of policy initiatives, of which litter abatement fees are part. The present work describes a framework and methodology for calculating TPL costs and abatement fees. METHODS Abatement is associated with four categories of costs: (1) me...

Limited information is available on the perceptions of stakeholders concerning the health co-benefits of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of urban residents on the health co-benefits involving GHG abatement and related influencing factors in three cities in China. Beijing, Ningbo and Guangzhou were selected for this survey. P...

Dairy farms confront unique risks from weather conditions. Hot and humid weather induces heat stress, which reduces both the quantity and quality of dairy production. Traditional heat abatement technologies control the environment through ventilation, misting or evaporative cooling. Adoption of abatement equipment, however, is hindered by its high initial cost and possibly long payback period, ...